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One such cytokine is IL-6, deemed as a key cachectic factor in mice inoculated with colon carcinoma 26 (C26) cells, a widely used cancer cachexia model. Here we tested the causal role of IL-6 in cancer cachexia by knocking out the\n                    <jats:italic>IL-6<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene in C26 cells. We found that the growth of IL-6 KO tumors was dramatically delayed. More strikingly, while IL-6 KO tumors eventually reached the similar size as wild-type tumors, cachexia still took place, despite no elevation in circulating IL-6. In addition, the knockout of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), another IL-6 family cytokine proposed as a cachectic factor in the model, also affected tumor growth but not cachexia. We further showed an increase in the infiltration of immune cell population in the IL-6 KO tumors compared with wild-type controls and the defective IL-6 KO tumor growth was rescued in immunodeficient mice while cachexia was not. Thus, IL-6 promotes tumor growth by facilitating immune evasion but is dispensable for cachexia.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s44319-024-00144-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T06:03:04Z","timestamp":1714111384000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["IL-6 promotes tumor growth through immune evasion but is dispensable for cachexia"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1472-5726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young-Yon","family":"Kwon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4226-6806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheng","family":"Hui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"144_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2459","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V83.9.2459.2459","volume":"83","author":"PA Algate","year":"1994","unstructured":"Algate PA, Steelman LS, Mayo MW, Miyajima A, McCubrey JA (1994) Regulation of the interleukin-3 (IL-3) receptor by IL-3 in the fetal liver-derived FL5.12 cell line. 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