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Using an optimized MemPrep workflow, we establish a high\u2011confidence lipidome of the mammalian ER and selectively enrich membrane vesicles originating from ER tubules as a major ER subdomain. Quantitative lipidomics show ER membranes are dominated by phosphatidylcholine and monounsaturated glycerophospholipids, consistent with a highly compressible bilayer. Although proteomics suggests a functional specialization of ER tubules and an enrichment of tubule-associated proteins, the lipidome of an ER tubule-enriched isolate is indistinguishable from the general ER, indicating that principal ER architectures share a common lipid composition. Integration of lipidomic data with bioinformatic analyses of transmembrane helices demonstrates that the physicochemical features of ER lipids mirror those of ER-resident membrane proteins, including reduced hydrophobicity and increased polarity compared to plasma membrane proteins. These findings support a coordinated evolution of ER proteins and lipids based on shared biophysical constraints. Together, this work provides a definitive characterization of the mammalian ER lipidome and suggests that membrane properties are maintained across the ER.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s44319-026-00952-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T21:56:35Z","timestamp":1792014995000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mammalian MemPrep establishes the lipid composition of ER membranes in HEK293T cells"],"prefix":"10.1038","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7536-7026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aamna","family":"Jain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7412-2276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"von der Malsburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1714-031X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cynthia","family":"Alsayyah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7115-0485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"G\u00f6tz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1193-7995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Elmofty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6363-2994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Reinhard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5608-9062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Per","family":"Haberkant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2180-9154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Volkhard","family":"Helms","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7537-8521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph H","family":"Lorent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0283-3490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Ernst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"952_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan6298","volume":"358","author":"M Abu-Remaileh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abu-Remaileh M, Wyant GA, Kim C, Laqtom NN, Abbasi M, Chan SH, Freinkman E, Sabatini DM (2017) Lysosomal metabolomics reveals V-ATPase- and mTOR-dependent regulation of amino acid efflux from lysosomes. 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