{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T07:07:46Z","timestamp":1791616066135,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779753600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["184.034.019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["184.034.019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Forschung, Technologie und Raumfahrt","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81Z0400106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81Z0400106"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Syst Biol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Advances in mass spectrometry have transformed plasma proteomics, allowing high-throughput analysis of large cohorts. This study utilized the TIMES (\n                    <jats:underline>T<\/jats:underline>\n                    racking\n                    <jats:underline>I<\/jats:underline>\n                    ndividuals\n                    <jats:underline>M<\/jats:underline>\n                    onthly for\n                    <jats:underline>E<\/jats:underline>\n                    valuating\n                    <jats:underline>S<\/jats:underline>\n                    tability) cohort, consisting of 51 healthy participants monitored monthly over 12 months, to evaluate intra- and inter-individual variability in the plasma proteome. Approximately 600 samples were analyzed in two laboratories independently, revealing strong correlations despite methodological differences. The study revealed high stability of the plasma proteome within donors over a year, with larger differences observed between donors. A support vector machine model achieved a 98% median classification accuracy, confirming stable, donor-specific proteomic profiles. Immunoglobulins, often overlooked in plasma proteomics, were found to contribute significantly to donor-specific signatures, showing pronounced inter-individual variability but remarkable intra-donor stability. In contrast, C-reactive protein and other inflammation markers exhibited significant temporal fluctuations from donor-specific baseline levels. This inter-laboratory study highlights the importance of longitudinal sampling for biomarker discovery, the robustness of MS-based proteomic workflows, and provides new insights into immunoglobulin dynamics and variability in human plasma.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s44320-026-00218-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T11:17:25Z","timestamp":1779794245000},"page":"1312-1332","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Immunoglobulin sub-class levels define inter-donor plasma variability: a longitudinal dual-lab study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6550-0132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephan","family":"Michalik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9442-0040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Kalaidopoulou Nteak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Drouin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Gesell Salazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1507-0402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elke","family":"Hammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vishnu Mukund","family":"Dhople","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silva","family":"Holtfreter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3553-4315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henk W P","family":"van den Toorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5020-8542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara M","family":"Br\u00f6ker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gra\u017cyna","family":"Doma\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5689-3448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Uwe","family":"V\u00f6lker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2405-4404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albert J R","family":"Heck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"218_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1038\/nature19949","volume":"537","author":"R Aebersold","year":"2016","unstructured":"Aebersold R, Mann M (2016) Mass-spectrometric exploration of proteome structure and function. Nature 537:347\u2013355","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"218_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadx2678","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adx2678","volume":"390","author":"MB \u00c1lvez","year":"2025","unstructured":"\u00c1lvez MB, Bergstr\u00f6m S, Kenrick J, Johansson E, \u00c5berg M, Akyildiz M, Altay O, Sk\u00f6ld H, Antonopoulos K, Apostolakis E et al (2025) A human pan-disease blood atlas of the circulating proteome. Science 390:eadx2678","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"218_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2025.156896","volume":"189","author":"S Ameling","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ameling S, Auwera SV, der, Holtfreter S, Wiechert A, Michalik S, Friedrich N, Hammer E, V\u00f6lzke H, Nauck M, Grabe HJ et al (2025) Cytokine atlas of the population-based cohort SHIP-TREND-0 \u2013 associations with age, sex, and BMI. Cytokine 189:156896","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"218_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.R200007-MCP200","volume":"1","author":"NL Anderson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Anderson NL (2002) The human plasma proteome: history, character, and diagnostic prospects. Mol Cell Proteomics 1:845\u2013867","journal-title":"Mol Cell Proteomics"},{"key":"218_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s12979-025-00527-7","volume":"22","author":"D Bizzarri","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bizzarri D, Akker EB, van den, Reinders MJT, Pool R, Beekman M, Lakenberg N, Drouin N, Stecker KE, Heck AJR, Knol EF et al (2025) Extreme MetaboHealth scores in three cohort studies associate with plasma protein markers for inflammation and cholesterol transport. Immun Ageing 22:34","journal-title":"Immun Ageing"},{"key":"218_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cels.2021.08.008","volume":"12","author":"A Bondt","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bondt A, Hoek M, Tamara S, Graaf B, de, Peng W, Schulte D, Rijswijck DMH, van, Boer MA, den, Greisch J-F, Varkila MRJ et al (2021) Human plasma IgG1 repertoires are simple, unique, and dynamic. Cell Syst 12:1131\u20131143.e5","journal-title":"Cell Syst"},{"key":"218_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.04.049","volume":"136","author":"FA Bonilla","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bonilla FA, Khan DA, Ballas ZK, Chinen J, Frank MM, Hsu JT, Keller M, Kobrynski LJ, Komarow HD, Mazer B et al (2015) Practice parameter for the diagnosis and management of primary immunodeficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol 136:1186\u20131205.e78","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"218_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M114.044305","volume":"14","author":"R Bruderer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bruderer R, Bernhardt OM, Gandhi T, Miladinovi\u0107 SM, Cheng L-Y, Messner S, Ehrenberger T, Zanotelli V, Butscheid Y, Escher C et al (2015) Extending the limits of quantitative proteome profiling with data-independent acquisition and application to acetaminophen treated 3D liver microtissues. Mol Cell Proteomics 14:1400\u20131410","journal-title":"Mol Cell Proteomics"},{"key":"218_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2371","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-025-02319-7","volume":"57","author":"X Cai","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cai X, Geyer PE, Perez-Riverol Y, Omenn GS, Dong L, Winkler R, Ahadi S, L\u00f6ssl P, Yu X, Chang C et al (2025) A standardized framework for circulating blood proteomics. Nat Genet 57:2371\u20132380","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"218_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2513","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M113.031591","volume":"13","author":"J Cox","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cox J, Hein MY, Luber CA, Paron I, Nagaraj N, Mann M (2014) Accurate proteome-wide label-free quantification by delayed normalization and maximal peptide ratio extraction, termed MaxLFQ. Mol Cell Proteomics 13:2513\u20132526","journal-title":"Mol Cell Proteomics"},{"key":"218_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-019-0638-x","volume":"17","author":"V Demichev","year":"2020","unstructured":"Demichev V, Messner CB, Vernardis SI, Lilley KS, Ralser M (2020) DIA-NN: neural networks and interference correction enable deep proteome coverage in high throughput. Nat Methods 17:41\u201344","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"218_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.3306","volume":"116","author":"YN Dou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dou YN, Grimstein C, Mascaro J, Wang J (2024) Biomarkers for precision patient selection in cancer therapy approvals in the US, from 2011 to 2023. Clin Pharmacol Ther 116:304\u2013314","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"218_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3634","DOI":"10.1039\/C9AN01893J","volume":"145","author":"C Gaither","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gaither C, Popp R, Mohammed Y, Borchers CH (2020) Determination of the concentration range for 267 proteins from 21 lots of commercial human plasma using highly multiplexed multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry. Analyst 145:3634\u20133644","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"218_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"vbae001","DOI":"10.1093\/bioadv\/vbae001","volume":"4","author":"M-A Gerault","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gerault M-A, Camoin L, Granjeaud S (2024) DIAgui: a Shiny application to process the output from DIA-NN. Bioinform Adv 4:vbae001","journal-title":"Bioinform Adv"},{"key":"218_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.15252\/msb.20156297","volume":"13","author":"PE Geyer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Geyer PE, Holdt LM, Teupser D, Mann M (2017) Revisiting biomarker discovery by plasma proteomics. Mol Syst Biol 13:942","journal-title":"Mol Syst Biol"},{"key":"218_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cels.2016.02.015","volume":"2","author":"PE Geyer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Geyer PE, Kulak NA, Pichler G, Holdt LM, Teupser D, Mann M (2016) Plasma proteome profiling to assess human health and disease. Cell Syst 2:185\u2013195","journal-title":"Cell Syst"},{"key":"218_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2007.03545.x","volume":"151","author":"A Gonzalez-Quintela","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gonzalez-Quintela A, Alende R, Gude F, Campos J, Rey J, Meijide LM, Fernandez-Merino C, Vidal C (2008) Serum levels of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM) in a general adult population and their relationship with alcohol consumption, smoking and common metabolic abnormalities. Clin Exp Immunol 151:42\u201350","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"218_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4163","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.4c00384","volume":"23","author":"NG Hendricks","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hendricks NG, Bhosale SD, Keoseyan AJ, Ortiz J, Stotland A, Seyedmohammad S, Nguyen CDL, Bui JT, Moradian A, Mockus SM et al (2024) An inflection point in high-throughput proteomics with orbitrap astral: analysis of biofluids, cells, and tissues. J Proteome Res 23:4163\u20134169","journal-title":"J Proteome Res"},{"key":"218_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-018-0082-x","volume":"14","author":"CS Hughes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hughes CS, Moggridge S, M\u00fcller T, Sorensen PH, Morin GB, Krijgsveld J (2019) Single-pot, solid-phase-enhanced sample preparation for proteomics experiments. Nat Protoc 14:68\u201385","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"218_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/kxj037","volume":"8","author":"WE Johnson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Johnson WE, Li C, Rabinovic A (2007) Adjusting batch effects in microarray expression data using empirical Bayes methods. Biostatistics 8:118\u2013127","journal-title":"Biostatistics"},{"key":"218_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karatzoglou A, Smola A, Hornik K, Zeileis A (2004) kernlab\u2014an S4 package for Kernel methods in R. J Stat Softw 11:1\u201320","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v011.i09"},{"key":"218_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2534","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btn323","volume":"24","author":"D Kessner","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kessner D, Chambers M, Burke R, Agus D, Mallick P (2008) ProteoWizard: open source software for rapid proteomics tools development. Bioinformatics 24:2534\u20132536","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"218_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1902","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-021-01120-5","volume":"41","author":"SR Khan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khan SR, Chaker L, Ikram MA, Peeters RP, Hagen PMvan, Dalm VASH (2021) Determinants and reference ranges of serum immunoglobulins in middle-aged and elderly individuals: a population-based study. J Clin Immunol 41:1902\u20131914","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"218_CR26","unstructured":"Kuhn M, Wickham H (2020) Tidymodels: a collection of packages for modeling and machine learning using tidyverse principles. https:\/\/www.tidymodels.org"},{"key":"218_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts034","volume":"28","author":"JT Leek","year":"2012","unstructured":"Leek JT, Johnson WE, Parker HS, Jaffe AE, Storey JD (2012) The sva package for removing batch effects and other unwanted variation in high-throughput experiments. Bioinformatics 28:882\u2013883","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"218_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/34.7.1407","volume":"34","author":"JV Madassery","year":"1988","unstructured":"Madassery JV, Kwon OH, Lee SY, Nahm MH (1988) IgG2 subclass deficiency: IgG subclass assays and IgG2 concentrations among 8015 blood donors. Clin Chem 34:1407\u20131413","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"218_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cels.2020.05.012","volume":"11","author":"CB Messner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Messner CB, Demichev V, Wendisch D, Michalick L, White M, Freiwald A, Textoris-Taube K, Vernardis SI, Egger A-S, Kreidl M et al (2020) Ultra-high-throughput clinical proteomics reveals classifiers of COVID-19 infection. Cell Syst 11:11\u201324.e4","journal-title":"Cell Syst"},{"key":"218_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"btaf086","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btaf086","volume":"41","author":"S Michalik","year":"2025","unstructured":"Michalik S, Hammer E, Steil L, Salazar MG, Hentschker C, Surmann K, Busch LM, Sura T, V\u00f6lker U (2025) SpectroPipeR\u2014a streamlining post Spectronaut\u00ae DIA-MS data analysis R package. Bioinformatics 41:btaf086","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"218_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-023-01544-8","volume":"24","author":"F Nimmerjahn","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nimmerjahn F, Vidarsson G, Cragg MS (2023) Effect of posttranslational modifications and subclass on IgG activity: from immunity to immunotherapy. Nat Immunol 24:1244\u20131255","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"218_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2124","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.4c00064","volume":"23","author":"SK Nteak","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nteak SK, V\u00f6llmy F, Lukassen MV, Toorn H, van den, Boer MA, den, Bondt A, Lans SPA, van der, Haas P-J, Zuilen AD, van, Rooijakkers SHM et al (2024) Longitudinal fluctuations in protein concentrations and higher-order structures in the plasma proteome of kidney failure patients subjected to a kidney transplant. J Proteome Res 23:2124\u20132136","journal-title":"J Proteome Res"},{"key":"218_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2311265120","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2311265120","volume":"120","author":"N Oskam","year":"2023","unstructured":"Oskam N, Boer MA, den, Lukassen MV, Heer PO, Veth TS, Mierlo G, van, Lai S-H, Derksen NIL, Yin V, Streutker M et al (2023) CD5L is a canonical component of circulatory IgM. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 120:e2311265120","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"218_CR32","unstructured":"Patel P, Jamal Z, Ramphul K (2023) Immunoglobulin (PMID: 30035936 Bookshelf ID: NBK513460) Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing"},{"key":"218_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.464","volume":"9","author":"KF Rasmussen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rasmussen KF, Sprog\u00f8e U, Nielsen C, Shalom D, Assing K (2021) Time-related variation in IgG subclass concentrations in a group of healthy Danish adults. Immun Inflamm Dis 9:1009\u20131015","journal-title":"Immun Inflamm Dis"},{"key":"218_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reder A, Hentschker C, Steil L, Salazar MG, Hammer E, Dhople VM, Sura T, Lissner U, Wolfgramm H, Dittmar D, et al (2023) MassSpecPreppy\u2014An end-to-end solution for automated protein concentration determination and flexible sample digestion for proteomics applications. Proteomics 24:e2300294","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.202300294"},{"key":"218_CR35","unstructured":"Rich RR, Fleisher TA, Shearer WT, Schroeder H (2018) Clinical immunology: principles and practice, 5th edn. Elsevier"},{"key":"218_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.4c00020","volume":"23","author":"VR Richard","year":"2024","unstructured":"Richard VR, Mitsa G, Eshghi A, Chaplygina D, Mohammed Y, Goodlett DR, Zahedi RP, Thevis M, Borchers CH (2024) Establishing personalized blood protein reference ranges using noninvasive microsampling and targeted proteomics: implications for antidoping strategies. J Proteome Res 23:1779\u20131787","journal-title":"J Proteome Res"},{"key":"218_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadt7746","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adt7746","volume":"11","author":"DMH Rijswijck","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rijswijck DMH, van, Bondt A, Raafat D, Holtfreter S, Wietschel KA, Lans SPA, van der, V\u00f6lker U, Br\u00f6ker BM, Heck AJR (2025) Persistent IgG1 clones dominate and personalize the plasma antibody repertoire. Sci Adv 11:eadt7746","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"218_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2003.022350","volume":"49","author":"U Schauer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Schauer U, Stemberg F, Rieger CH, Borte M, Schubert S, Riedel F, Herz U, Renz H, Wick M, Carr-Smith HD et al (2003) IgG subclass concentrations in certified reference material 470 and reference values for children and adults determined with the binding site reagents. Clin Chem 49:1924\u20131929","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"218_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10098","volume":"473","author":"B Schwanh\u00e4usser","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schwanh\u00e4usser B, Busse D, Li N, Dittmar G, Schuchhardt J, Wolf J, Chen W, Selbach M (2011) Global quantification of mammalian gene expression control. Nature 473:337\u2013342","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"218_CR40","unstructured":"Team RDC (2014) R: a language and environment for statistical computing"},{"key":"218_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1260419","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1260419","volume":"347","author":"M Uhl\u00e9n","year":"2015","unstructured":"Uhl\u00e9n M, Fagerberg L, Hallstr\u00f6m BM, Lindskog C, Oksvold P, Mardinoglu A, Sivertsson \u00c5, Kampf C, Sj\u00f6stedt E, Asplund A et al (2015) Tissue-based map of the human proteome. Science 347:1260419","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"218_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2397","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.2c00265","volume":"21","author":"G Varnavides","year":"2022","unstructured":"Varnavides G, Madern M, Anrather D, Hartl N, Reiter W, Hartl M (2022) In search of a universal method: a comparative survey of bottom-up proteomics sample preparation methods. J Proteome Res 21:2397\u20132411","journal-title":"J Proteome Res"},{"key":"218_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.3c00646","volume":"23","author":"D Vitko","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vitko D, Chou W-F, Golmaei SN, Lee J-Y, Belthangady C, Blume J, Chan JK, Flores-Campuzano G, Hu Y, Liu M et al (2024) timsTOF HT improves protein identification and quantitative reproducibility for deep unbiased plasma protein biomarker discovery. J Proteome Res 23:929\u2013938","journal-title":"J Proteome Res"},{"key":"218_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e202101099","DOI":"10.26508\/lsa.202101099","volume":"4","author":"F V\u00f6llmy","year":"2021","unstructured":"V\u00f6llmy F, Toorn H, van den, Chiozzi RZ, Zucchetti O, Papi A, Volta CA, Marracino L, Sega FVD, Fortini F, Demichev V et al (2021) A serum proteome signature to predict mortality in severe COVID-19 patients. Life Sci Alliance 4:e202101099","journal-title":"Life Sci Alliance"},{"key":"218_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52175-y","volume":"15","author":"Y Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang Y, Su C, Ji C, Xiao J (2024) CD5L associates with IgM via the J chain. Nat Commun 15:8397","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"218_CR46","first-page":"D328","volume":"48","author":"M Zahn-Zabal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zahn-Zabal M, Michel P-A, Gateau A, Nikitin F, Schaeffer M, Audot E, Gaudet P, Duek PD, Teixeira D, Rech de Laval V et al (2019) The neXtProt knowledgebase in 2020: data, tools and usability improvements. Nucleic Acids Res 48:D328\u2013D334","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"218_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M600160-MCP200","volume":"6","author":"H Zhang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zhang H, Liu AY, Loriaux P, Wollscheid B, Zhou Y, Watts JD, Aebersold R (2007) Mass spectrometric detection of tissue proteins in plasma. Mol Cell Proteom 6:64\u201371","journal-title":"Mol Cell Proteom"}],"container-title":["Molecular Systems Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1038\/s44320-026-00218-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1038\/s44320-026-00218-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1038\/s44320-026-00218-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T06:32:46Z","timestamp":1785738766000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1038\/s44320-026-00218-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]}},"alternative-id":["218"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s44320-026-00218-5","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2025.11.04.686385","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1744-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1744-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 April 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 May 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 May 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosure and competing interests statement"}}]}}