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He serves on the CSL Vifor Advisory Board (for hemochromatosis, a topic unrelated to this paper), for which he receives consulting fees. He has received honoraria from Pharmacosmos for a lecture on iron deficiency in inflammatory bowel diseases (unrelated to this paper) and travel support from Sanofi to attend EHA-2025. D.G. also serves as President-elect of BIOIRON (International Society for the Study of Iron in Biology and Medicine), an unpaid voluntary position. N.J.K. has received consulting fees from the Foundation for Health Care Quality, Fujifilm Sonosite and Philips Inc. unrelated to the present work. He has received travel expenses and an honorarium from Bristol Myers Squibb for presenting Global Burden of Disease results. K.M.M. has received grants from Agios Pharmaceuticals and Pharmacosmos. He serves on advisory boards and has received consulting fees from Novartis, Bristol Myers Squibb (Celgene Corp), Agios Pharmaceuticals, CRISPR Therapeutics, Vifor Pharma, Novo Nordisk and Pharmacosmos, all outside the submitted work. P.S.S. serves on the American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Nutrition (unpaid). All other authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}]}}