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Whether a \u201cdoctor-in-the-loop\u201d design would increase acceptance of drug-prescribing AI is unknown, as are settings where physicians envision AI-driven drug prescription most likely to be implemented. We surveyed a stratified sample of 2708 physicians throughout China to interrogate their opinions on drug-prescribing AI. Most respondents (78%) are receptive to using drug-prescribing AI and anticipate doing so within 5 years. Respondents suggested initial settings for AI-driven drug prescribing include situations where there are standard guidelines (74%), where the decision is whether to continue a current prescription in someone (55%), and where prescribing decisions rely on high-complexity clinical data (44%). Many (66%) indicated a preference for conditional to fully autonomous drug-prescribing AI. Clustering analysis identified 2 psychological profile-types, \u201coptimists\u201d and \u201cpragmatists\u201d, who have different standards for model efficacy, expediency, explainability, and governance\/stewardship for drug-prescribing AI. A high level of using medical AI is the strongest predictor for being an optimist (OR\u2009=\u20092.98 [2.53, 3.51];\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). In conclusion, our data point to the wide acceptability of conditional autonomous drug-prescribing AI among Chinese physicians. Moreover, disparity in optimism about drug-prescribing AI is caused by disparity in prior exposure to medical AI.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s44401-026-00101-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T00:38:47Z","timestamp":1780879127000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Receptiveness of physicians towards artificial intelligence-driven drug prescription: a nationwide 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