{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T13:06:25Z","timestamp":1793451985755,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,20]],"date-time":"2015-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1445299200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Spinal Cord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2015.189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,20]],"date-time":"2015-10-20T09:22:15Z","timestamp":1445332935000},"page":"535-539","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Prevalence of secondary medical complications and risk factors for pressure ulcers after traumatic spinal cord injury during acute care in South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"C","family":"Joseph","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Nilsson Wikmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsc2015189_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2004.06.016","volume":"16","author":"J Capoor","year":"2005","unstructured":"Capoor J, Stein AB . Aging with spinal cord injury. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 2005; 16: 129\u2013161.","journal-title":"Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am"},{"key":"BFsc2015189_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-1858","volume":"46","author":"KC van Weert","year":"2014","unstructured":"van Weert KC, Schouten EJ, Hofstede J, van de Meent H, Holtslag HR, van den Berg-Emons RJ . Acute phase complications following traumatic spinal cord injury in Dutch level 1 trauma centres. J Rehabil Med 2014; 46: 882\u2013885.","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"BFsc2015189_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1310\/sci2004-321","volume":"20","author":"SN Sweet","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sweet SN, Noreau L, Leblond J, Dumont FS . Understanding quality of life in adults with spinal cord injury via SCI-related needs and secondary complications. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil 2014; 20: 321\u2013328.","journal-title":"Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil"},{"key":"BFsc2015189_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2008.11760744","volume":"31","author":"Consortium SCM","year":"2008","unstructured":"Consortium SCM. Early acute management in adults with spinal cord injury: a clinical practice guideline for health-care professionals. J Spinal Cord Med 2008; 31: 403\u2013479.","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"key":"BFsc2015189_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2015.51","volume":"53","author":"C Joseph","year":"2015","unstructured":"Joseph C, Delcarme A, Vlok I, Wahman K, Phillips J, Nilsson Wikmar L . Incidence and aetiology of traumatic spinal cord injury in Cape Town, South Africa: a prospective, population-based study. Spinal Cord 2015; 53: 692\u2013696.","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"BFsc2015189_CR6","first-page":"203","volume":"97","author":"K Frielingsdorf","year":"2007","unstructured":"Frielingsdorf K, Dunn RN . Cervical spine injury outcome-a review of 101 cases treated in a tertiary referral unit. S Afr Med J 2007; 97: 203\u2013207.","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"BFsc2015189_CR7","first-page":"8","volume":"24","author":"RN Dunn","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dunn RN, Stander J . Pressure sores in spinal cord injury: Active intervention saves costs. South African Journal of Critical Care 2008; 24: 8\u201312.","journal-title":"South African Journal of Critical Care"},{"key":"BFsc2015189_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2008.107","volume":"47","author":"A G\u00e9lis","year":"2009","unstructured":"G\u00e9lis A, Dupeyron A, Legros P, Bena\u00efm C, Pelissier J, Fattal C . Pressure ulcer risk factors in persons with SCI: part I: acute and rehabilitation stages. Spinal Cord 2009; 47: 99\u2013107.","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"BFsc2015189_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.1996.46","volume":"34","author":"DW Byrne","year":"1996","unstructured":"Byrne DW, Salzberg CA . Major risk factors for pressure ulcers in the spinal cord disabled: a literature review. Spinal Cord 1996; 34: 255\u2013263.","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"BFsc2015189_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2014.179","volume":"53","author":"EC Zakrasek","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zakrasek EC, Creasy G, Crew JD . Pressure ulcers in people with spinal cord injury in developing nations. Spinal Cord 2014; 53: 7\u201313.","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"BFsc2015189_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2010.66","volume":"49","author":"JH Verschueren","year":"2011","unstructured":"Verschueren JH, Post MW, de Groot S, van der Woude LH, van Asbeck FW, Rol M . Occurrence and predictors of pressure ulcers during primary in-patient spinal cord injury rehabilitation. Spinal Cord 2011; 49: 106\u2013112.","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"BFsc2015189_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(99)90250-2","volume":"80","author":"D Chen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chen D, Apple DF Jr, Hudson LM, Bode R . Medical complications during acute rehabilitation following spinal cord injury\u2014current experience of the Model Systems. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1999; 80: 1397\u20131401.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"BFsc2015189_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101958","volume":"44","author":"MJ DeVivo","year":"2006","unstructured":"DeVivo MJ, Biering-Sorensen F, Charlifue S, Noonan V, Post M, Stripling T et al. International Spinal Cord Injury Core Data Set. Spinal Cord 2006; 44: 535\u2013540.","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"BFsc2015189_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2010.11689712","volume":"33","author":"WP Waring III","year":"2010","unstructured":"Waring WP III, Biering-Sorensen F, Burns S, Donovan W, Graves D, Jha A et al. 2009. review and revisions of the international standards for the neurological classification of spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med 2010; 33: 346\u2013352.","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"key":"BFsc2015189_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2003.08.108","volume":"85","author":"JS Krause","year":"2004","unstructured":"Krause JS, Broderick L . Patterns of recurrent pressure ulcers after spinal cord injury: Identification of risk and protective factors 5 or more years after onset. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004; 85: 1257\u20131264.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"BFsc2015189_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S27","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200112151-00006","volume":"26","author":"PA Ball","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ball PA . Critical care of spinal cord injury. Spine 2001; 26: S27\u2013S30.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BFsc2015189_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)67157-1","volume":"164","author":"AE De Ruz","year":"2000","unstructured":"De Ruz AE, Leoni EG, Cabrera RH . Epidemiology and risk factors for urinary tract infection in patients with spinal cord injury. J Urol 2000; 164: 1285\u20131289.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"BFsc2015189_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2002.11753628","volume":"25","author":"BW Trautner","year":"2002","unstructured":"Trautner BW, Darouiche RO . Prevention of urinary tract infection in persons with spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med 2002; 25: 277\u2013283.","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"key":"BFsc2015189_CR19","first-page":"49","volume":"81","author":"J Waterlow","year":"1985","unstructured":"Waterlow J . Pressure sores: risk assessment card. Nurs Times 1985; 81: 49\u201355.","journal-title":"Nurs Times"},{"key":"BFsc2015189_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-199603000-00004","volume":"75","author":"CA Salzberg","year":"1996","unstructured":"Salzberg CA, Byrne DW . A new pressure ulcer risk assessment scale for individuals with spinal cord injury. Am J Phys Med Rehab 1996; 75: 96\u2013104.","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehab"}],"container-title":["Spinal Cord"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/sc2015189.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/sc2015189","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/sc2015189.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,20]],"date-time":"2023-05-20T22:29:09Z","timestamp":1684621749000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/sc2015189"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,20]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]}},"alternative-id":["BFsc2015189"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sc.2015.189","relation":{},"ISSN":["1362-4393","1476-5624"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1362-4393","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5624","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 May 2015","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 September 2015","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 September 2015","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 October 2015","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}