{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T04:11:42Z","timestamp":1792728702584,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":164,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]],"date-time":"2014-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1404172800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br Dent J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2014.552","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,11]],"date-time":"2014-07-11T06:21:31Z","timestamp":1405059691000},"page":"E1-E1","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Halitosis: a new definition and classification"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"217","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Aydin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. N.","family":"Harvey-Woodworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4377-0416-7.00029-9","volume-title":"Carranza's clinical periodontology","author":"M Quirynen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Quirynen M, Van den Velde S, Vandekerckhove B, Dadamio J . Oral Malodor. In Newman M G, Takei H H, Klokkevold P R, Carranza F A (eds) Carranza's clinical periodontology. 11th ed. pp 331\u2013338. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier\/Saunders, 2012."},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR2","volume-title":"Clinical periodontology and implant dentistry","author":"J Lindhe","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lindhe J, Lang N P, Karring T (eds) Clinical periodontology and implant dentistry. 5th ed. Oxford: Blackwell Munksgaard, 2008."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1590\/S1806-83242008000500007","volume":"22","author":"JR Cortelli","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cortelli J R, Barbosa M D, Westphal M A . Halitosis: a review of associated factors and therapeutic approach. Braz Oral Res 2008; 22(Suppl 1): 44\u201354.","journal-title":"Braz Oral Res"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Outhouse T L, Al-Alawi R, Fedorowicz Z, Keenan J V . Tongue scraping for treating halitosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006; CD005519.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005519.pub2"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fedorowicz Z, Aljufairi H, Nasser M, Outhouse T L, Pedrazzi V . Mouthrinses for the treatment of halitosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008; CD006701.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006701.pub2"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR6","first-page":"7","volume":"32","author":"H Miyazaki","year":"1999","unstructured":"Miyazaki H, Arao M, Okamura K, Kawaguchi Y, Toyofuku A, Hoshi K, Yaegaki K . Tentative classification of halitosis and its treatment needs. Niigata Dental Journal 1999; 32: 7\u201311.","journal-title":"Niigata Dental Journal"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR7","first-page":"257","volume":"66","author":"K Yaegaki","year":"2000","unstructured":"Yaegaki K, Coil J M . Examination, classification, and treatment of halitosis; clinical perspectives. J Can Dent Assoc 2000; 66: 257\u2013261.","journal-title":"J Can Dent Assoc"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1875-595X.2002.tb00921.x","volume":"52","author":"T Murata","year":"2002","unstructured":"Murata T, Yamaga T, Iida T, Miyazaki H, Yaegaki K . Classification and examination of halitosis. Int Dent J 2002; 52(Suppl 3): 181\u2013186.","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR9","first-page":"880","volume":"21","author":"K Yaegaki","year":"2000","unstructured":"Yaegaki K, Coil J M . Genuine halitosis, pseudo-halitosis, and halitophobia: classification, diagnosis, and treatment. Compend Contin Educ Dent 2000; 21: 880\u2013886, 888\u2013889.","journal-title":"Compend Contin Educ Dent"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"017003","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7155\/4\/1\/017003","volume":"4","author":"A Tangerman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tangerman A, Winkel E G . Extra-oral halitosis: an overview. J Breath Res 2010; 4: 017003.","journal-title":"J Breath Res"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1875-595X.2002.tb00925.x","volume":"52","author":"A Tangerman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tangerman A . Halitosis in medicine: a review. Int Dent J 2002; 52(Suppl 3): 201\u2013206.","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2007.01116.x","volume":"34","author":"A Tangerman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tangerman A, Winkel E G . Intra-and extra-oral halitosis: finding of a new form of extra-oral blood-borne halitosis caused by dimethyl sulphide. J Clin Periodontol 2007; 34: 748\u2013755.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1590\/S1807-59322011000600003","volume":"66","author":"LJ Motta","year":"2011","unstructured":"Motta L J, Bachiega J C, Guedes C C, Laranja L T, Bussadori S K . Association between halitosis and mouth breathing in children. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2011; 66: 939\u2013942.","journal-title":"Clinics (Sao Paulo)"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR14","first-page":"370","volume":"17","author":"JL Richter","year":"1996","unstructured":"Richter J L . Diagnosis and treatment of halitosis. Compend Contin Educ Dent 1996; 17: 370\u2013372, 374\u2013376.","journal-title":"Compend Contin Educ Dent"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4807169","volume":"168","author":"CO Iwu","year":"1990","unstructured":"Iwu C O, Akpata O . Delusional halitosis. Review of the literature and analysis of 32 cases. Br Dent J 1990; 168: 294\u2013296.","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"017105","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7155\/6\/1\/017105","volume":"6","author":"DP Falc\u00e3o","year":"2012","unstructured":"Falc\u00e3o D P, Vieira C N, Batista de Amorim R F . Breaking paradigms: a new definition for halitosis in the context of pseudo-halitosis and halitophobia. J Breath Res 2012; 6: 017105.","journal-title":"J Breath Res"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1875-595X.2006.tb00077.x","volume":"56","author":"R Seemann","year":"2006","unstructured":"Seemann R, Bizhang M, Djamchidi C, Kage A, Nachnani S . The proportion of pseudo-halitosis patients in a multidisciplinary breath malodour consultation. Int Dent J 2006; 56: 77\u201381.","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1966.tb01924.x","volume":"42","author":"T Videbech","year":"1966","unstructured":"Videbech T . Chronic olfactory paranoid syndromes. A contribution to the psychopathology of the sense of smell. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1966; 42: 183\u2013213.","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1177\/002076407502100209","volume":"21","author":"T Takahashi","year":"1975","unstructured":"Takahashi T . A social club spontaneously formed by ex-patients who had suffered from anthropophobia (Taijin kyofu (sho)). Int J Soc Psychiatry 1975; 21: 137\u2013140.","journal-title":"Int J Soc Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR20","first-page":"9","volume-title":"Bad breath: research perspectives","author":"M Rosenberg","year":"1997","unstructured":"Rosenberg M, Leib E . Introduction. In Rosenberg M (ed). Bad breath: research perspectives. 2nd ed. pp 9\u201313. Tel Aviv: Ramot Publishing, Tel Aviv University; 1997."},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR21","first-page":"328","volume":"49","author":"C Lochner","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lochner C, Stein D J . Olfactory reference syndrome: diagnostic criteria and differential diagnosis. J Postgrad Med 2003; 49: 328\u2013331.","journal-title":"J Postgrad Med"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR22","first-page":"1","volume":"6","author":"KA Phillips","year":"2007","unstructured":"Phillips K A . How to help patients with olfactory reference syndrome. Delusion of body odour causes shame, social isolation. The Journal of Family Practice 2007; 6: 1.","journal-title":"The Journal of Family Practice"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-9-94","volume":"9","author":"T Zaitsu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zaitsu T, Ueno M, Shinada K, Wright F A, Kawaguchi Y . Social anxiety disorder in genuine halitosis patients. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2011; 9: 94.","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1384.011","volume":"1098","author":"CL Whittle","year":"2007","unstructured":"Whittle C L, Fakharzadeh S, Eades J, Preti G . Human breath odours and their use in diagnosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1098: 252\u2013266.","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"014004","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7155\/1\/1\/014004","volume":"1","author":"D Smith","year":"2007","unstructured":"Smith D, Turner C, Span\u011bl P . Volatile metabolites in the exhaled breath of healthy volunteers: their levels and distributions. J Breath Res 2007; 1: 014004.","journal-title":"J Breath Res"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"036001","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7155\/3\/3\/036001","volume":"3","author":"B Enderby","year":"2009","unstructured":"Enderby B, Lenney W, Brady M, Emmett C, Span\u011bl P, Smith D . Concentrations of some metabolites in the breath of healthy children aged 7\u201318 years measured using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS). J Breath Res 2009; 3: 036001.","journal-title":"J Breath Res"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2008.08.031","volume":"875","author":"S Van den Velde","year":"2008","unstructured":"Van den Velde S, Nevens F, Van Hee P, van Steenberghe D, Quirynen M . GC-MS analysis of breath odour compounds in liver patients. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 875: 344\u2013348.","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E20","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2013.329","volume":"214","author":"CN Harvey-Woodworth","year":"2013","unstructured":"Harvey-Woodworth C N . Dimethylsulphidemia: the significance of dimethyl sulphide in extra-oral, blood borne halitosis. Br Dent J 2013; 214: E20.","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"017004","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7155\/2\/1\/017004","volume":"2","author":"L Coulthwaite","year":"2008","unstructured":"Coulthwaite L, Verran J . Development of an in vitro denture plaque biofilm to model denture malodour. J Breath Res 2008; 2: 017004.","journal-title":"J Breath Res"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1997.324","volume":"52","author":"S Davies","year":"1997","unstructured":"Davies S, Spanel P, Smith D . Quantitative analysis of ammonia on the breath of patients in end-stage renal failure. Kidney Int 1997; 52: 223\u2013228.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1038\/ijos.2012.39","volume":"4","author":"CM Bollen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bollen C M, Beikler T . Halitosis: the multidisciplinary approach. Int J Oral Sci 2012; 4: 55\u201363.","journal-title":"Int J Oral Sci"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR32","first-page":"328","volume":"18","author":"K Yaegaki","year":"1999","unstructured":"Yaegaki K, Coil J M . Clinical dilemmas posed by patients with psychosomatic halitosis. Quintessence Int 1999; 18: 328\u2013333.","journal-title":"Quintessence Int"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR33","first-page":"97","volume-title":"Oral microbiology","author":"M Aydin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Aydin M . Halitosis. In Aydin M, M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131gil A (eds). Oral microbiology. pp 97\u2013104. Ankara: MN Medical & Nobel, 2012."},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034508329741","volume":"88","author":"S Van den Velde","year":"2009","unstructured":"Van den Velde S, van Steenberghe D, Van Hee P, Quirynen M . Detection of odorous compounds in breath. J Dent Res 2009; 88: 285\u2013289.","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2005.01085.x","volume":"11","author":"M Phillips","year":"2005","unstructured":"Phillips M, Cataneo R N, Greenberg J, Munawar M, Nachnani S, Samtani S . Pilot study of a breath test for volatile organic compounds associated with oral malodour: evidence for the role of oxidative stress. Oral Dis 2005; 11(Suppl 1): 32\u201334.","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"046003","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7155\/5\/4\/046003","volume":"5","author":"J Dadamio","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dadamio J, Van Tornout M, Van den Velde S, Federico R, Dekeyser C, Quirynen M . A novel and visual test for oral malodour: first observations. J Breath Res 2011; 5: 046003.","journal-title":"J Breath Res"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1234-987X(199609)9:5<215::AID-MEH430>3.3.CO;2-V","volume":"9","author":"MG Hartley","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hartley M G, El-Maaytah M A, McKenzie C, Greenman J . The tongue microbiota of low odour and malodourous individuals Micro Ecol Health Dis 2009; 9: 215\u2013223.","journal-title":"Micro Ecol Health Dis"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"017003","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7155\/2\/1\/017003","volume":"2","author":"J Hess","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hess J, Greenman J, Duffield J . Modelling oral malodour from a tongue biofilm. J Breath Res 2008; 2: 017003.","journal-title":"J Breath Res"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR39","first-page":"175","volume-title":"Microbiology in dentistry and medicine","author":"M Aydin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Aydin M . Anaerobic bacteria and anaerobism; Microbial biofilms and aerosols. In Cengiz T, M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131gil A, Aydin M (eds) Microbiology in dentistry and medicine. pp 175\u2013180; 569\u2013576. Ankara: G\u00fcne\u015f Medical, 2004."},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR40","first-page":"411","volume":"16","author":"Z Kozeowski","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kozeowski Z, Mikeaszewska B B, Konopka T, Kawa Z D, Lewcyzk E . Using a Halitometer to verify the symptoms of halitosis. Adv Clin Exp Med 2007; 16: 411\u2013416.","journal-title":"Adv Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1159\/000319760","volume":"20","author":"NO Salako","year":"2011","unstructured":"Salako N O, Philip L . Comparison of the use of the Halimeter and the Oral Chroma\u2122 in the assessment of the ability of common cultivable oral anaerobic bacteria to produce malodorous volatile sulphur compounds from cysteine and methionine. Med Princ Pract 2011; 20: 75\u201379.","journal-title":"Med Princ Pract"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR42","volume-title":"Odorigenic bacteria in halitosis","author":"M Aydin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Aydin M . Odorigenic bacteria in halitosis. Istanbul: Nobel medikal, 2008."},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR43","first-page":"205","volume":"122","author":"A Z\u00fcrcher","year":"2012","unstructured":"Z\u00fcrcher A, Filippi A . Findings, diagnoses and results of a halitosis clinic over a seven year period. Schweiz Monatsschr Zahnmed 2012; 122: 205\u2013216.","journal-title":"Schweiz Monatsschr Zahnmed"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-996920","volume":"78","author":"G Delanghe","year":"1999","unstructured":"Delanghe G, Bollen C, Desloovere C . Halitosis-foetor ex ore. Laryngorhinootologie 1999; 78: 521\u2013524.","journal-title":"Laryngorhinootologie"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2009.01478.x","volume":"36","author":"M Quirynen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Quirynen M, Dadamio J, Van den Velde S et al. Characteristics of 2000 patients who visited a halitosis clinic. J Clin Periodontol 2009; 36: 970\u2013975.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR46","first-page":"32","volume":"54","author":"CM Bollen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bollen C M, Rompen E H, Demanez JP . Halitosis: a multidisciplinary problem. Rev Med Liege 1999; 54: 32\u201336.","journal-title":"Rev Med Liege"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR47","first-page":"7","volume":"140","author":"SM Fletcher","year":"1988","unstructured":"Fletcher S M, Blair P A . Chronic halitosis from tonsilloliths: a common aetiology. J La State Med Soc 1988; 140: 7\u20139.","journal-title":"J La State Med Soc"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1177\/00034894041130S504","volume":"193","author":"DC Lanza","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lanza D C . Diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl 2004; 193: 10\u201314.","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/S1808-8694(15)30062-8","volume":"72","author":"DL Bunzen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bunzen D L, Campos A, Le\u00e3o F S, Morais A, Sperandio F, Caldas Neto S . Efficacy of functional endoscopic sinus surgery for symptoms in chronic rhinosinusitis with or without polyposis. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2006; 72: 242\u2013246.","journal-title":"Braz J Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5876(01)00535-3","volume":"60","author":"MM Tatli","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tatli M M, San I, Karaoglanoglu M . Paranasal sinus computed tomographic findings of children with chronic cough. Int J Paediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2001; 60: 213\u2013217.","journal-title":"Int J Paediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR51","first-page":"43","volume-title":"Rhinosinusitis","author":"RJ Schlosser","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schlosser R J, Harvey R J . Diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis. In Thaler E R, Kennedy D W (eds) Rhinosinusitis. pp 43. New York: Springer LLC, 2008."},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR52","first-page":"43","volume":"5","author":"A Y\u00fccel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Y\u00fccel A, Derek\u00f6y F S, Y\u0131lmaz M D, Altunta\u015f A . Effects of sinonasal anatomical variations on paranasal sinus infections. The Medical Journal of Kocatepe 2004; 5: 43\u201347.","journal-title":"The Medical Journal of Kocatepe"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(99)70460-9","volume":"134","author":"E Amir","year":"1999","unstructured":"Amir E, Shimonov R, Rosenberg M . Halitosis in children. J Paediatr 1999; 134: 338\u2013343.","journal-title":"J Paediatr"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2004.09.005","volume":"17","author":"AH Morice","year":"2004","unstructured":"Morice A H . Post-nasal drip syndrome-a symptom to be sniffed at? Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2004; 17: 343\u2013345.","journal-title":"Pulm Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR55","first-page":"71","volume":"11","author":"DK Ng","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ng D K, Chow P Y, Kwok K L . Halitosis and the nose. Hong Kong Med J 2005; 11: 71\u201372.","journal-title":"Hong Kong Med J"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2009.05.019","volume":"141","author":"P Stoodley","year":"2009","unstructured":"Stoodley P, Debeer D, Longwell M et al. Tonsillolith: not just a stone but a living biofilm. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2009; 141: 316\u2013321.","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2006.04.023","volume":"8","author":"M Tsuneishi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tsuneishi M, Yamamoto T, Kokeguchi S, Tamaki N, Fukui K, Watanabe T . Composition of the bacterial flora in tonsilloliths. Microbes Infect 2006; 8: 2384\u20139.","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2009.03.002","volume":"454","author":"A Welge-L\u00fcssen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Welge-L\u00fcssen A, Husner A, Wolfensberger M, Hummel T . Influence of simultaneous gustatory stimuli on orthonasal and retronasal olfaction. Neurosci Lett 2009; 454: 124\u2013128.","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2002.125760","volume":"127","author":"JA Koufman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Koufman J A, Aviv J E, Casiano R R, Shaw G Y . Laryngopharyngeal reflux: position statement of the committee on speech, voice, and swallowing disorders of the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2002; 127: 32\u201335.","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR60","first-page":"402","volume-title":"Textbook of paediatric emergency medicine","author":"A Brent","year":"2010","unstructured":"Brent A . Odour - unusual. In Fleisher G R, Ludwig S (eds) Textbook of paediatric emergency medicine 6th ed. pp 402\u2013405. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2010."},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00020-13","volume":"26","author":"S Sethi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sethi S, Nanda R, Chakraborty T . Clinical application of volatile organic compound analysis for detecting infectious diseases. Clin Microbiol Rev 2013; 26: 462\u2013475.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1093\/jb\/mvr090","volume":"150","author":"M Shirasu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shirasu M, Touhara K . The scent of disease: volatile organic compounds of the human body related to disease and disorder. J Biochem 2011; 150: 257\u2013266.","journal-title":"J Biochem"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845671","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/845671","volume":"2010","author":"D Brehmer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Brehmer D, Riemann R . The rhinolith-a possible differential diagnosis of a unilateral nasal obstruction. Case Rep Med 2010; 2010: 845671.","journal-title":"Case Rep Med"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0b013e328342333e","volume":"11","author":"RD de Shazo","year":"2011","unstructured":"de Shazo R D, Stringer S P . Atrophic rhinosinusitis: progress toward explanation of an unsolved medical mystery. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 11: 1\u20137.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR65","first-page":"CD008280","volume":"2","author":"A Mishra","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mishra A, Kawatra R, Gola M . Interventions for atrophic rhinitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; 2: CD008280.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR66","first-page":"732","volume-title":"Textbook of gastroenterology","author":"I Hirano","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hirano I, Kahrilas P J, Pandolfino J E, Richter J E, Soll A H, Graham D Y . In Yamada T, Alpers D H (eds) Textbook of gastroenterology. 5th ed. pp. 732, 742, 772, 951. Chichester: Blackwell Publishingm 2009."},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.31.6.639","volume":"31","author":"JB Wyman","year":"1990","unstructured":"Wyman J B, Dent J, Heddle R, Dodds W J, Toouli J, Downton J . Control of belching by the lower oesophageal sphincter. Gut 1990; 31: 639\u2013646.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2008.00646.x","volume":"37","author":"O Di Fede","year":"2008","unstructured":"Di Fede O, Di Liberto C, Occhipinti G et al. Oral manifestations in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a single-centre case-control study. J Oral Pathol Med 2008; 37: 336\u2013340.","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-007-0486-8","volume":"23","author":"F Struch","year":"2008","unstructured":"Struch F, Schwahn C, Wallaschofski H et al. Self-reported halitosis and gastro-esophageal reflux disease in the general population. J Gen Intern Med 2008; 23: 260\u2013266.","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2006.01341.x","volume":"13","author":"M Moshkowitz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Moshkowitz M, Horowitz N, Leshno M, Halpern Z . Halitosis and gastroesophageal reflux disease: a possible association. Oral Dis 2007; 13: 581\u2013585.","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i41.5486","volume":"13","author":"M Saberi-Firoozi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Saberi-Firoozi M, Khademolhosseini F, Yousefi M, Mehrabani D, Zare N, Heydari S T . Risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease in Shiraz, southern Iran. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13: 5, 486\u2013491.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/639704","volume":"24","author":"S Kinberg","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kinberg S, Stein M, Zion N, Shaoul R . The gastrointestinal aspects of halitosis. Can J Gastroenterol 2010; 24: 552\u2013556.","journal-title":"Can J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e32835ae8f7","volume":"25","author":"JA Marsicano","year":"2013","unstructured":"Marsicano J A, de Moura-Grec P G, Bonato R C, Sales-Peres Mde C, Sales-Peres A, Sales-Peres S H. Gastroesophageal reflux, dental erosion, and halitosis in epidemiological surveys: a systematic review. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 25: 135\u2013141.","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl.2008.2.2.113","volume":"2","author":"SH Yoo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yoo S H, Jung H S, Sohn W S et al. Volatile sulphur compounds as a predictor for esophagogastroduodenal mucosal injury. Gut Liver 2008; 2: 113\u2013118.","journal-title":"Gut Liver"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl.2010.4.3.320","volume":"4","author":"JG Kim","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kim J G, Kim Y J, Yoo S H et al. Halimeter ppb levels as the predictor of erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease. Gut Liver 2010; 4: 320\u2013325.","journal-title":"Gut Liver"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-012-0705-5","volume":"17","author":"K Kislig","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kislig K, Wilder-Smith C H, Bornstein M M, Lussi A, Seemann R . Halitosis and tongue coating in patients with erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease versus nonerosive gastroesophageal reflux disease. Clin Oral Investig 2013; 17: 159\u2013165.","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR77","first-page":"3","volume":"124","author":"A Tas","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tas A, K\u00f6kl\u00fc S, Y\u00fcksel I, Ba\u015far O, Akbal E, Cimbek A . No significant association between halitosis and upper gastrointestinal endoscopic findings: a prospective study. Chin Med J (Engl) 2011; 124: 3, 707\u2013710.","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5876(00)00339-6","volume":"54","author":"MM Carr","year":"2000","unstructured":"Carr M M, Nguyen A, Nagy M, Poje C, Pizzuto M, Brodsky L . Clinical presentation as a guide to the identification of GERD in children. Int J Paediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2000; 54: 27\u201332.","journal-title":"Int J Paediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200605000-00011","volume":"40","author":"H Lee","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lee H, Kho H S, Chung J W, Chung S C, Kim Y K . Volatile sulphur compounds produced by Helicobacter pylori. J Clin Gastroenterol 2006; 40: 421\u2013426.","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-5378.2005.00345.x","volume":"10","author":"M Lechner","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lechner M, Karlseder A, Niederseer D et al. H. pylori infection increases levels of exhaled nitrate. Helicobacter 2005; 10: 385\u2013390.","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.2008\/003715-0","volume":"57","author":"N Suzuki","year":"2008","unstructured":"Suzuki N, Yoneda M, Naito T et al. Detection of Helicobacter pylori DNA in the saliva of patients complaining of halitosis. J Med Microbiol 2008; 57: 1553\u20131559.","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1159\/000098364","volume":"16","author":"P Katsinelos","year":"2007","unstructured":"Katsinelos P, Tziomalos K, Chatzimavroudis G et al. Eradication therapy in Helicobacter pylori-positive patients with halitosis: long-term outcome. Med Princ Pract 2007; 16: 119\u2013123.","journal-title":"Med Princ Pract"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0953-6205(02)00206-6","volume":"14","author":"E Serin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Serin E, Gumurdulu Y, Kayaselcuk F, Ozer B, Yilmaz U, Boyacioglu S . Halitosis in patients with Helicobacter pylori-positive non-ulcer dyspepsia: an indication for eradication therapy? Eur J Intern Med 2003; 14: 45\u201348.","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200003000-00012","volume":"30","author":"H Shashidhar","year":"2000","unstructured":"Shashidhar H, Peters J, Lin C H, Rabah R, Thomas R, Tolia V . A prospective trial of lansoprazole triple therapy for paediatric Helicobacter pylori infection. J Paediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2000; 30: 276\u2013282.","journal-title":"J Paediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-199907000-00005","volume":"11","author":"A Gasbarrini","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gasbarrini A, Ojetti V, Pitocco D et al. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus affects eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori infection. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999; 11: 713\u2013716.","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2733","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026619831442","volume":"43","author":"E Ierardi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ierardi E, Amoruso A, La Notte T et al. Halitosis and Helicobacter pylori: a possible relationship. Dig Dis Sci 1998; 43: 2733\u20132737.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-199210000-00013","volume":"15","author":"E Tiomny","year":"1992","unstructured":"Tiomny E, Arber N, Moshkowitz M, Peled Y, Gilat T . Halitosis and Helicobacter pylori. A possible link? J Clin Gastroenterol 1992; 15: 236\u2013237.","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR88","first-page":"236","volume":"16","author":"X Chen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chen X, Tao D Y, Li Q, Feng X P . The relationship of halitosis and Helicobacter pylori. Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue 2007; 16: 236\u2013238.","journal-title":"Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-5378.2005.00322.x","volume":"10","author":"I Adler","year":"2005","unstructured":"Adler I, Denninghoff V C, Alvarez M I, Avagnina A, Yoshida R, Elsner B . Helicobacter pylori associated with glossitis and halitosis. Helicobacter 2005; 10: 312\u2013317.","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1443-9573.2005.00200.x","volume":"6","author":"XB Li","year":"2005","unstructured":"Li X B, Liu W Z, Ge Z Z et al. Analysis of clinical characteristics of dyspeptic symptoms in Shanghai patients. Chin J Dig Dis 2005; 6: 62\u201367.","journal-title":"Chin J Dig Dis"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"017102","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7155\/6\/1\/017102","volume":"6","author":"A Tangerman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tangerman A, Winkel E G, de Laat L, van Oijen A H, de Boer W A . Halitosis and Helicobacter pylori infection. J Breath Res 2012; 6: 017102.","journal-title":"J Breath Res"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-5378.2012.00955.x","volume":"17","author":"MP Dore","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dore M P, Fanciulli G, Tomasi P A et al. Gastrointestinal symptoms and Helicobacter pylori infection in school-age children residing in Porto Torres, Sardinia, Italy. Helicobacter 2012; 17: 369\u2013373.","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.29309\/TPMJ\/2010.17.04.2955","volume":"17","author":"F Imanzadeh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Imanzadeh F, Imanzadeh A, Sayyari A A, Yagenah M, Javaherizadeh H, Hatamian B . Helicobacter pylori infection; in cases with and without subjective halitosis. Professional Med J 2010; 17: 543\u2013545.","journal-title":"Professional Med J"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"024002","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7155\/5\/2\/024002","volume":"5","author":"L Ciaffoni","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ciaffoni L, Peverall R, Ritchie G A . Laser spectroscopy on volatile sulphur compounds: possibilities for breath analysis. J Breath Res 2011; 5: 024002.","journal-title":"J Breath Res"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4347(99)00127-9","volume":"729","author":"M Phillips","year":"1999","unstructured":"Phillips M, Herrera J, Krishnan S, Zain M, Greenberg J, Cataneo R N . Variation in volatile organic compounds in the breath of normal humans. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 1999; 729: 75\u201388.","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/24\/1\/308","volume":"24","author":"AM Diskin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Diskin A M, Spanel P, Smith D . Time variation of ammonia, acetone, isoprene and ethanol in breath: a quantitative SIFT-MS study over 30 days. Physiol Meas 2003; 24: 107\u2013119.","journal-title":"Physiol Meas"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"017109","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7155\/7\/1\/017109","volume":"7","author":"FM Schmidt","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schmidt F M, Vaittinen O, Mets\u00e4l\u00e4 M et al. Ammonia in breath and emitted from skin. J Breath Res 2013; 7: 017109.","journal-title":"J Breath Res"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"037013","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7155\/2\/3\/037013","volume":"2","author":"T Wang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wang T, Pysanenko A, Dryahina K, Span\u011bl P, Smith D . Analysis of breath, exhaled via the mouth and nose, and the air in the oral cavity. J Breath Res 2008; 2: 037013.","journal-title":"J Breath Res"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/27\/7\/007","volume":"27","author":"C Turner","year":"2006","unstructured":"Turner C, Spanel P, Smith D . A longitudinal study of methanol in the exhaled breath of 30 healthy volunteers using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry, SIFT-MS. Physiol Meas 2006; 27: 637\u2013648.","journal-title":"Physiol Meas"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.3402","volume":"22","author":"C Turner","year":"2008","unstructured":"Turner C, Parekh B, Walton C, Spanel P, Smith D, Evans M . An exploratory comparative study of volatile compounds in exhaled breath and emitted by skin using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2008; 22: 526\u2013532.","journal-title":"Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.2275","volume":"20","author":"C Turner","year":"2006","unstructured":"Turner C, Spanel P, Smith D . A longitudinal study of ethanol and acetaldehyde in the exhaled breath of healthy volunteers using selected-ion flow-tube mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2006; 20: 61\u201368.","journal-title":"Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/13547500110104233","volume":"7","author":"SA Kharitonov","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kharitonov S A, Barnes P J . Biomarkers of some pulmonary diseases in exhaled breath. Biomarkers 2002; 7: 1\u201332.","journal-title":"Biomarkers"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1080\/10715760000300611","volume":"33","author":"M Phillips","year":"2000","unstructured":"Phillips M, Greenberg J, Cataneo R N . Effect of age on the profile of alkanes in normal human breath. Free Radic Res 2000; 33: 57\u201363.","journal-title":"Free Radic Res"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR104","first-page":"606","volume":"111","author":"HJ Blom","year":"1988","unstructured":"Blom H J, Tangerman A . Methanethiol metabolism in whole blood. J Lab Clin Med 1988; 111: 606\u2013610.","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR105","volume-title":"Breath tests and gastroeneterology","author":"LH Hamilton","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hamilton L H . Breath tests and gastroeneterology. 2nd ed. Milwaukee: Quintron Co, 1998."},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR106","first-page":"337","volume":"18","author":"CS Probert","year":"2009","unstructured":"Probert C S, Ahmed I, Khalid T, Johnson E, Smith S, Ratcliffe N . Volatile organic compounds as diagnostic biomarkers in gastrointestinal and liver diseases. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis 2009; 18: 337\u2013343.","journal-title":"J Gastrointestin Liver Dis"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0792-74","volume":"267","author":"M Phillips","year":"1992","unstructured":"Phillips M . Breath tests in medicine. Sci Am 1992; 267: 74\u201379.","journal-title":"Sci Am"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leonardos G, Kendall D, Barnard N . Odour threshold determinations of 53 odorant chemicals. Japca J Air Waste Ma 1969; 19.","DOI":"10.1080\/00022470.1969.10466465"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"017103","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7155\/7\/1\/017103","volume":"7","author":"M Bofan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bofan M, Mores N, Baron M et al. Within-day and between-day repeatability of measurements with an electronic nose in patients with COPD. J Breath Res 2013; 7: 017103.","journal-title":"J Breath Res"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02049868","volume":"36","author":"J Kokoszka","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kokoszka J, Nelson R L, Swedler W I, Skosey J, Abcarian H . Determination of inflammatory bowel disease activity by breath pentane analysis. Dis Colon Rectum 1993; 36: 597\u2013601.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR111","first-page":"2217","volume":"89","author":"S Sedghi","year":"1994","unstructured":"Sedghi S, Keshavarzian A, Klamut M, Eiznhamer D, Zarling E J . Elevated breath ethane levels in active ulcerative colitis: evidence for excessive lipid peroxidation. Am J Gastroenterol 1994; 89: 2217\u20132221.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02235186","volume":"42","author":"MA Pelli","year":"1999","unstructured":"Pelli M A, Trovarelli G, Capodicasa E, De Medio G E, Bassotti G . Breath alkanes determination in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Dis Colon Rectum 1999; 42: 71\u201376.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2010.01.003","volume":"90","author":"M Phillips","year":"2010","unstructured":"Phillips M, Dalay V B, Bothamley G et al. Breath biomarkers of active pulmonary tuberculosis. Tuberculosis 2010; 90: 145\u2013151.","journal-title":"Tuberculosis"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.48.5.466","volume":"48","author":"M Phillips","year":"1995","unstructured":"Phillips M, Erickson G A, Sabas M, Smith J P, Greenberg J . Volatile organic compounda in breath of patients with schizophrenia. J Clin Pathol 1995; 48: 466\u2013469.","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2005.06.009","volume":"65","author":"J Julak","year":"2006","unstructured":"Julak J, Stranska E, Rosova U, Geppert H, Spanel P, Smith D . Bronchoalveolar lavage examined by solid phase microextraction, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry. J Microbiol Methods 2006; 65: 76\u201386.","journal-title":"J Microbiol Methods"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"034001","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7155\/4\/3\/034001","volume":"4","author":"EA Chapman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chapman E A, Thomas P S, Yates D H . Breath analysis in asbestos-related disorders: a review of the literature and potential future applications. J Breath Res 2010; 4: 034001.","journal-title":"J Breath Res"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"016001","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7155\/1\/1\/016001","volume":"1","author":"T Ligor","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ligor T, Szeliga J, Jackowski M, Buszewski B . Preliminary study of volatile organic compounds from breath and stomach tissue by means of solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Breath Res 2007; 1: 016001.","journal-title":"J Breath Res"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1097\/01.HDX.0000061693.73631.e4","volume":"5","author":"M Phillips","year":"2003","unstructured":"Phillips M, Cataneo R N, Greenberg J . Grodman R, Salazar M . Breath markers of oxidative stress in patients with instable angina. Hearth Dis 2003; 5: 85\u201399.","journal-title":"Hearth Dis"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2003.11.008","volume":"190","author":"M Moretti","year":"2004","unstructured":"Moretti M, Phillips M, Abouzeid A, Cataneo R N, Greenberg J . Increased breath markers of oxidative stress in normal pregnancy and in preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004; 190: 1184\u20131190.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(83)90348-7","volume":"265","author":"JA Maruniak","year":"1983","unstructured":"Maruniak J A, Silver W L, Moulton D G . Olfactory receptors respond to blood-borne odorants. Brain Res 1983; 265: 312\u2013316.","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.10.1.96","volume":"10","author":"DJ Stein","year":"1998","unstructured":"Stein D J, Le Roux L, Bouwer C, Van Heerden B . Is olfactory reference syndrome an obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorder?: two cases and a discussion. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 1998; 10: 96\u201399.","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004","volume":"33","author":"KA Phillips","year":"2011","unstructured":"Phillips K A, Menard W . Olfactory reference syndrome: demographic and clinical features of imagined body odour. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2011; 33: 398\u2013406.","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR123","first-page":"234","volume":"40","author":"L Cruzado","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cruzado L, C\u00e1ceres-Taco E, Calizaya J R . Apropos of an olfactory reference syndrome case. Actas Esp Psiquiatr 2012; 40: 234\u2013238.","journal-title":"Actas Esp Psiquiatr"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2011.05.030","volume":"124","author":"PM Wise","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wise P M, Eades J, Tjoa S, Fennessey P V, Preti G . Individuals reporting idiopathic malodour production: demographics and incidence of trimethylaminuria. Am J Med 2011; 124: 1058\u20131063.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR125","first-page":"427","volume":"61","author":"SM Bromley","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bromley S M . Smell and taste disorders: a primary care approach. Am Fam Physician 2000; 61: 427\u2013436, 438.","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2011.02.001","volume":"47","author":"A Pacheco-Galv\u00e1n","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pacheco-Galv\u00e1n A, Hart S P, Morice A H . Relationship between gastro-oesophageal reflux and airway diseases: the airway reflux paradigm. Arch Bronconeumol 2011; 47: 195\u2013203.","journal-title":"Arch Bronconeumol"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(89)90306-8","volume":"44","author":"A Cailleux","year":"1989","unstructured":"Cailleux A, Allain P . Isoprene and sleep. Life Sci 1989; 44: 1877\u20131880.","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1080\/19424396.1997.12221540","volume":"25","author":"S Nachnani","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nachnani S . The effects of oral rinse on halitosis. J Calif Dent Assoc 1997; 25: 145\u2013150.","journal-title":"J Calif Dent Assoc"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"027003","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7155\/3\/2\/027003","volume":"3","author":"K Schwarz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schwarz K, Pizzini A, Arendack\u00e1 B et al. Breath acetone-aspects of normal physiology related to age and gender as determined in a PTR-MS study. J Breath Res 2009; 3: 027003.","journal-title":"J Breath Res"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2009.05.026","volume":"877","author":"A Tangerman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tangerman A . Measurement and biological significance of the volatile sulphur compounds hydrogen sulphide, methanethiol and dimethyl sulphide in various biological matrices. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877: 3366\u20133377.","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2006.02.010","volume":"79","author":"CM Calil","year":"2006","unstructured":"Calil C M, Klein F . Influence of anxiety on the production of oral volatile sulphur compounds. Life Sci 2006; 79: 660\u2013664.","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR132","unstructured":"Oral malodor. ADA council on scientific affairs. J Am Dent Assoc 2003; 134: 209\u2013214"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR133","unstructured":"Aydin M . Gas measurement protocols in halitosis patients. (Unpublished data)"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345950740091201","volume":"74","author":"M Rosenberg","year":"1995","unstructured":"Rosenberg M, Kozlovsky A, Gelernter I et al. Self-estimation of oral malodour. J Dent Res 1995; 74: 1577\u20131582.","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2011.08.012","volume":"113","author":"TA Pham","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pham T A, Ueno M, Shinada K, Kawaguchi Y . Comparison between self-perceived and clinical oral malodour. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2012; 113: 70\u201380.","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.3109\/00016357.2012.671363","volume":"71","author":"TA Pham","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pham T A . Comparison between self-estimated and clinical oral malodour. Acta Odontol Scand 2013; 71: 263\u2013270.","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-2670(02)00778-X","volume":"471","author":"JR Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez J R, Pereiro R, Medel A S . Optical fibre sensor for hydrogen sulphide monitoring in mouth air. Analytica Chimica Acta 2002; 471: 13\u201323.","journal-title":"Analytica Chimica Acta"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2006.02.031","volume":"120","author":"KJ Wallace","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wallace K J, Cordero S R, Tan C P, Lynch V M, Anslyn E V . A colorimetric response to hydrogen sulphide. Sens Actuat B Chem 2007; 120: 362\u2013367.","journal-title":"Sens Actuat B Chem"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mitsubayashia K, Minamide T, Otsuka K, Kudo H, Saito A . Optical bio-sniffer for methyl mercaptan in halitosis. Analytica Chimica Acta 2006; 573\u2013574, 575\u2013580.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2006.01.062"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR140","unstructured":"Halimeter\u00ae Interscan Corporation. Measure bad breath scientifically. Chatsworth, CA, USA: Halimeter\u00ae. Online information available at http:\/\/www.halimeter.com\/the-halimeter-measure-bad-breath-scientifically\/ (accessed March 2014)."},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR141","unstructured":"New Cosmos Electric Co., Ltd. Breathtron\u00ae . Osaka, Japan: New Cosmos Electric Co., Ltd. Online information available at http:\/\/www.new-cosmos.co.jp\/en\/profile.html (accessed March 2014)."},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2007.03.003","volume":"35","author":"N Tanda","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tanda N, Washio J, Ikawa K, Suzuki K, Koseki T . Iwakura M. A new portable sulphide monitor with a zinc-oxide semiconductor sensor for daily use and field study. J Dent 2007; 35: 552\u2013557.","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR143","unstructured":"Abimedical Corporation. OralChroma\u2122 . Osaka, Japan: Abimedical Corporation. Online information available at http:\/\/www.abimedical.com\/en\/medical\/product_01.html (accessed March 2014)."},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"017101","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7155\/6\/1\/017101","volume":"6","author":"K Yaegaki","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yaegaki K, Brunette DM, Tangerman A, Choe YS, Winkel EG, Ito S, Kitano T, Ii H, Calenic B, Ishkitiev N, Ima T. Standardization of clinical protocols in oral malodor research. J Breath Res 2012; 6: 017101.","journal-title":"J Breath Res"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR145","unstructured":"Diamond General Development Corp. Diamond Probe\/Perio 2000. Online information available at http:\/\/www.e-dental.com\/doc\/periodontal-probe-0001 (accessed March 2014)."},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR146","unstructured":"Intopsys. Cyranose\u00ae 320. Cyranose Electronic Nose. Online information available at http:\/\/www.sensigent.com\/products\/cyranose.html (accessed March 2014)."},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6831-11-15","volume":"11","author":"N Tamaki","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tamaki N, Kasuyama K, Esaki M, Toshikawa T, Honda SI, Ekuni D, Tomofuji T, Morita M . A new portable monitor for measuring odorous compounds in oral, exhaled and nasal air. BMC Oral Health 2011; 11: 15.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"036003","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7155\/3\/3\/036003","volume":"3","author":"ZJ Cheng","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cheng Z J, Warwick G, Yates D H, Thomas P S . An electronic nose in the discrimination of breath from smokers and non-smokers: a model for toxin exposure. J Breath Res 2009; 3: 036003.","journal-title":"J Breath Res"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6831-11-15","volume":"11","author":"N Tamaki","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tamaki N, Kasuyama K, Esaki M et al. A new portable monitor for measuring odorous compounds in oral, exhaled and nasal air. BMC Oral Health 2011; 11: 15.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9969(03)00154-7","volume":"48","author":"J Pratten","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pratten J, Pasu M, Jackson G, Flanagan A, Wilson M . Modelling oral malodour in a longitudinal study. Arch Oral Biol. 2003; 48: 737\u2013743.","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol."},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"017101","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7155\/6\/1\/017101","volume":"6","author":"K Yaegaki","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yaegaki K, Brunette D M, Tangerman A et al. Standardization of clinical protocols in oral malodour research. J Breath Res 2012; 6: 017101.","journal-title":"J Breath Res"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1177\/0810140","volume":"81","author":"J Furne","year":"2002","unstructured":"Furne J, Majerus G, Lenton P, Springfield J, Levitt D G, Levitt M D . Comparison of volatile sulphur compound concentrations measured with a sulphide detector vs. gas chromatography. J Dent Res 2002; 81: 140\u2013143.","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR153","unstructured":"Ayd\u0131n M . Treatment of halitosis. presented at: 6th international congres of the Istanbul University Dentistry Faculty 2013 Nov 21-23, Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"037011","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7155\/2\/3\/037011","volume":"2","author":"BP Costello","year":"2008","unstructured":"Costello B P, Ewen R J, Ratcliffe N M . A sensor system for monitoring the simple gases hydrogen, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulphide, ammonia and ethanol in exhaled breath. J Breath Res 2008; 2: 037011.","journal-title":"J Breath Res"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR155","unstructured":"QuinTron. BreathTracker: breath hydrogen and methane anaylsis with sample correction feature. USA: QuinTron. Online ifnromation available at http:\/\/www.quintron-eu.com\/catalog\/11_QT02444_Catalog.pdf (accessed March 2014)."},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1590\/S1806-83242011000500015","volume":"25","author":"CK R\u00f6sing","year":"2011","unstructured":"R\u00f6sing C K, Loesche W . Halitosis: an overview of epidemiology, aetiology and clinical management. Braz Oral Res 2011; 25: 466\u2013471.","journal-title":"Braz Oral Res"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR157","first-page":"553","volume":"25","author":"MI Lin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lin M I, Flaitz C M, Moretti A J, Seybold S V, Chen J W . Evaluation of halitosis in children and mothers. Paediatr Dent 2003; 25: 553\u2013558.","journal-title":"Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.03.009","volume":"106","author":"N Suzuki","year":"2008","unstructured":"Suzuki N, Yoneda M, Naito T, Iwamoto T, Hirofuji T . Relationship between halitosis and psychologic status. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2008; 106: 542\u2013547.","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR159","unstructured":"Halimeter. Halimeter\u00ae simplified operating instructions. Online manual available at http:\/\/www.halimeter.com\/operating-instructions\/ (accessed March 2014)."},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1875-595X.2011.00014.x","volume":"61","author":"N Suzuki","year":"2011","unstructured":"Suzuki N, Yoneda M, Naito T et al. Association between oral malodour and psychological characteristics in subjects with neurotic tendencies complaining of halitosis. Int Dent J 2011; 61: 57\u201362.","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910308200706","volume":"82","author":"M Tanaka","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tanaka M, Anguri H, Nishida N, Ojima M, Nagata H, Shizukuishi S . Reliability of clinical parameters for predicting the outcome of oral malodour treatment. J Dent Res 2003; 82: 518\u2013522.","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR162","volume-title":"Efficacy of zinc chloride based mouth rinse (BreathRx\u2122) compared to chlorine dioxide based mouth rinse (Oxyfresh\u2122)","author":"S Nachnani","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nachnani S . Efficacy of zinc chloride based mouth rinse (BreathRx\u2122) compared to chlorine dioxide based mouth rinse (Oxyfresh\u2122). UCLA School of Dentistry, 2000. Online article available at http:\/\/www.halitosis-research.com\/Zinc_Chloride_Compared_to_Chlorine_Dioxide_Mouthrinse.html (accessed March 2014)."},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2009.01473.x","volume":"36","author":"B Vandekerckhove","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vandekerckhove B, Van den Velde S, De Smit M et al. Clinical reliability of non-organoleptic oral malodour measurements. J Clin Periodontol 2009; 36: 964\u2013969.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"BFsjbdj2014552_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1875-595X.2002.tb00929.x","volume":"52","author":"I Kleinberg","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kleinberg I, Codipilly D M . Cystein challenge testing: a powerful tool for examining oral malodour processes and treatments in vivo. Int Dent J 2002; 52: 221\u2013228.","journal-title":"Int Dent J"}],"container-title":["British Dental Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/sj.bdj.2014.552.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/sj.bdj.2014.552","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/sj.bdj.2014.552.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,15]],"date-time":"2023-07-15T05:29:56Z","timestamp":1689398996000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/sj.bdj.2014.552"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"references-count":164,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]}},"alternative-id":["BFsjbdj2014552"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.bdj.2014.552","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-0610","1476-5373"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-0610","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5373","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 February 2014","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 July 2014","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}