{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T23:48:50Z","timestamp":1789516130015,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,11]],"date-time":"2009-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1234310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4151,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"explicit-label\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The aim of the present experiments was to investigate the pharmacological action of a toxin from the spider <jats:italic>Phoneutria nigriventer<\/jats:italic>, Tx3\u20103, on the function of calcium channels that control exocytosis of synaptic vesicles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Tx3\u20103, in confirmation of previous work, diminished the intracellular calcium increase induced by membrane depolarization with KCl (25\u2003m<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) in rat cerebrocortical synaptosomes. The toxin was very potent (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> 0.9\u2003n<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) at inhibiting calcium channels that regulate calcium entry in synaptosomes. In addition, Tx3\u20103 blocked the exocytosis of synaptic vesicles, as measured with the fluorescent dye FM1\u201043.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Using \u03c9\u2010toxins that interact selectively with distinct neuronal calcium channels, we investigated whether the target of Tx3\u20103 overlaps with known channels that mediate exocytosis. The results indicate that the main population of voltage\u2010sensitive calcium channels altered by Tx3\u20103 can also be inhibited by \u03c9\u2010agatoxin IVA, an antagonist of P\/Q calcium channels. \u03c9\u2010conotoxin GVIA, which inhibits N type calcium channels did not decrease significantly the entry of calcium or exocytosis of synaptic vesicles in depolarized synaptosomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>It is concluded that Tx3\u20103 potently inhibits \u03c9\u2010agatoxin IVA\u2010sensitive calcium channels, which are involved in controlling exocytosis in rat brain cortical synaptosomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>British Journal of Pharmacology<\/jats:italic> (1997) <jats:bold>122<\/jats:bold>, 591\u2013597; doi:<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" xlink:href=\"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0701381\">10.1038\/sj.bjp.0701381<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0701381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,28]],"date-time":"2005-01-28T19:14:02Z","timestamp":1106939642000},"page":"591-597","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["A toxin from the spider <i>Phoneutria nigriventer<\/i> that blocks calcium channels coupled to exocytosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Guatimosim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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