{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T09:54:43Z","timestamp":1773309283510,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,5]],"date-time":"2009-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4175,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"explicit-label\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>No specific regimen has been developed to treat post\u2010traumatic amnesia in man. In the present study, we examined the effects of (+)\u2010eburnamenine\u201014\u2010carboxylic acid (2\u2010nitroxyethyl) ester (VA\u2010045), a novel derivative of apovincaminic acid, on learning and memory deficits associated with a mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) in mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Two kinds of amnesia, TBI\u2010induced retrograde amnesia (TRA) and anterograde amnesia (TAA), were produced by means of post\u2010 and pre\u2010acquisition head injury, respectively, by a simple weight\u2010drop device. A novel procedure of water\u2010finding task was used to assess learning and memory functions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Both TRA and TAA mice were dramatically impaired in the task performance, with prolonged latencies for finding and drinking in either retention test or retest, indicating that retention was impaired in TRA mice while learning and retention were impaired in TAA mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>VA\u2010045 administered 30\u2003min post\u2010trauma in TRA mice dramatically shortened the prolonged latencies for finding and drinking in both retention test and retest, indicating that VA\u2010045 significantly improved the retention deficit observed in TRA mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>VA\u2010045 administered 30\u2003min post\u2010trauma in TAA mice dramatically attenuated the prolonged latencies for finding and drinking in both retention test and retest, indicating that VA\u2010045 significantly improved the learning and retention deficits observed in TAA mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Administration of VA\u2010045 30\u2003min pre\u2010trauma in normal mice markedly attenuated the delay of latencies for finding and drinking after trauma in both retention test and retest, which shows that VA\u2010045 significantly prevented learning and retention deficits after TBI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Motor activities were not significantly affected by either the TBI or the chemical treatment at the time of task examination in either experimental model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>It is concluded that VA\u2010045 may have potential effects on learning and memory deficits observed in either TBI\u2010induced retrograde or anterograde amnesia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>British Journal of Pharmacology<\/jats:italic> (1997) <jats:bold>122<\/jats:bold>, 257\u2013264; doi:<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" xlink:href=\"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0701385\">10.1038\/sj.bjp.0701385<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0701385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,28]],"date-time":"2005-01-28T19:14:01Z","timestamp":1106939641000},"page":"257-264","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effects of VA\u2010045 on learning and memory deficits in traumatic brain injury (TBI)\u2010induced retrograde and anterograde amnesic mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Ya\u2010Ping","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yukihiro","family":"Noda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takaaki","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshitaka","family":"Nabeshima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01688638608401325"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(89)91190-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.1994.11.289"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(94)90842-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2567056"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Memory, Imprinting, and the Brain: Inquiry into Mechanisms","author":"Gabriel H.I.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(93)91014-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","first-page":"203","article-title":"Analysis of acetylcholine release following concussive brain injury in the rat","volume":"6","author":"Gorman L.K.","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. 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