{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T20:02:20Z","timestamp":1760644940725},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,3]],"date-time":"2009-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4051,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"explicit-label\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>In spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) we examined over a 4\u2010week period the influence of control low sodium diet, common salt\u2010enriched diet (sodium chloride 6% of the dry weight of the chow) and a novel mineral salt\u2010enriched diet (potassium\u2010, magnesium\u2010, and l\u2010lysine\u2010enriched mineral salt added at a 75% higher level of 10.5% to produce the same sodium chloride concentration of 6%) on the cardiovascular effects produced by a low\u2010dose combination of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor ramipril (0.25\u2003mg\u2003kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> day<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> in the food) and a calcium channel blocker felodipine (0.4\u2003mg\u2003kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> day<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> subcutaneously via an osmotic minipump).<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Common salt, but not the mineral salt, accelerated the development of hypertension and induced left ventricular and renal hypertrophy in SHR. Neither common salt nor mineral salt significantly affected heart rate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The combination of ramipril and felodipine decreased systolic blood pressure and prevented the development of left ventricular hypertrophy effectively during the common salt diet without any significant effect on the heart rate. The cardiovascular effects of the drug combination were improved by the low sodium diet or by replacement of high common salt in the diet by mineral salt.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Responses of endothelium\u2010intact mesenteric arterial rings <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> were examined at the end of the four\u2010week study. The combination of ramipril and felodipine markedly improved the endothelium\u2010dependent vascular relaxation responses to acetylcholine and enhanced the endothelium\u2010independent vascular relaxation responses to sodium nitroprusside in SHR on control and common salt diets. Replacement of common salt in the diet by mineral salt improved the endothelium\u2010dependent vascular relaxation responses to acetylcholine. The drug combination attenuated the \u03b1\u2010adrenoceptor\u2010mediated vascular contractile responses to noradrenaline during the common salt diet.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Ramipril and felodipine in combination increased plasma renin activity by 1.9\u20133.2 fold without affecting serum aldosterone levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Our findings suggest that the cardiovascular effect of the low\u2010dose combination of ramipril and felodipine was maintained during high salt intake. However, salt restriction or replacement of common salt in the diet by the potassium\u2010 and magnesium\u2010enriched mineral salt improved the cardiovascular effects of the drug combination. In the face of a high intake of sodium, a part of the beneficial cardiovascular effects of the drug combination is apparently mediated by improved endothelium\u2010dependent and endothelium\u2010independent vascular relaxation responses and attenuated \u03b1\u2010adrenoceptor\u2010mediated vascular contractile responses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>British Journal of Pharmacology<\/jats:italic> (1998) <jats:bold>123<\/jats:bold>, 195\u2013204; doi:<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" xlink:href=\"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0701591\">10.1038\/sj.bjp.0701591<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0701591","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,28]],"date-time":"2005-01-28T19:16:45Z","timestamp":1106939805000},"page":"195-204","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Influence of dietary salts on the cardiovascular effects of low\u2010dose combination of ramipril and felodipine in spontaneously hypertensive rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Eero M A","family":"Mervaala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"Malmberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Terttu\u2010Liisa","family":"Ter\u00e4v\u00e4inen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juha","family":"Laakso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heikki","family":"Vapaatalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heikki","family":"Karppanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/jcj.36.539"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1993.tb13495.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0790193","article-title":"The primary role of the kidney and salt intake in the aethiology of essential hypertension: part I","volume":"79","author":"Dewardener H.E.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0790289","article-title":"The primary role of the kidney and salt intake in the aethiology of essential hypertension: part II","volume":"79","author":"Dewardener H.E.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-198500292-00031"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.312.7041.1249"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199210013271406"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0773.1993.tb01552.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1995.tb15012.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"34","article-title":"Element concentrations in normal and immobilization\u2010induced necrotic rabbit muscles","volume":"8","author":"Laakso J.T.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Trace Elem. Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(92)90156-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1992.tb13393.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","first-page":"25","article-title":"Contribution of kinins to the cardiovascular actions of angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme inhibitors","volume":"47","author":"Linz W.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.294.6571.531"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.300.6719.230"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.19.6.535"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1291\/hypres.17.59"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(94)90084-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1994.tb13123.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1994.tb14871.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0701166"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/jcj.61.421"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/19.9.528"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-198800120-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","first-page":"835","article-title":"Effects of a high calcium diet and deoxycorticosterone on vascular smooth muscle responses in spontaneously hypertensive rats","volume":"8","author":"P\u00f6rsti I.","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/4.1.34","article-title":"Relationship between blood pressure, plasma insulin and triglyceride concentration, and insulin action in spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar\u2010Kyoto rats","volume":"4","author":"Reaven G.M.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Hypertens."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","first-page":"F199","article-title":"Abnormal pressure\u2010diuresis\u2010natriuresis response in spontaneously hypertensive rats","volume":"248","author":"Roman R.J.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","first-page":"1426","article-title":"2\u2010[N\u2010[(s)\u20101\u2010ethoxycarbonyl\u20103\u2010phenylpropyl\u2010L\u2010alanyl]\u2010(1S.3S.5S)2\u2010azabicyclo [3.3.0] octane\u20103\u2010carboxylic acid (HOE 498): antihypertensive action and persistent inhibition of tissue converting enzyme activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats","volume":"34","author":"Unger T.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Drug. Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-198409000-00021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-199309000-00004"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1038%2Fsj.bjp.0701591","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1038%2Fsj.bjp.0701591","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1038\/sj.bjp.0701591","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,28]],"date-time":"2023-10-28T07:01:22Z","timestamp":1698476482000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1038\/sj.bjp.0701591"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,1]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1038\/sj.bjp.0701591"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.bjp.0701591","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1188","1476-5381"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1188","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5381","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2009-02-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}