{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T18:58:15Z","timestamp":1791917895811,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,10]],"date-time":"2009-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1234224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3999,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"explicit-label\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The effects of circumferentially\u2010applied stretch on the spontaneous contractility of a whole mount preparation of the guinea\u2010pig upper urinary tract (UUT) (renal pelvis and ureter) were investigated by use of standard isometric tension recording techniques.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Simultaneous tension recordings of the proximal and distal portions of the renal pelvis (RP) and ureter revealed that spontaneous contractions, in 79% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=66) of preparations, originated in the proximal RP (at a frequency of 4.5\u2003min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) and propagated to the distal RP and ureter at a velocity of 1\u20133\u2003cm\u2003s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. Pretreatment with tetrodotoxin (TTX) (3\u201310\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) or N<jats:sup>G<\/jats:sup>\u2010nitro\u2010<jats:sc>L<\/jats:sc>\u2010arginine (100\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) had little effect on the spontaneous contractility of the UUT, motility indexes (MIs) (contraction amplitude\u00d7contraction frequency) calculated after 20\u2003min exposure were little affected by TTX or N<jats:sup>G<\/jats:sup>\u2010nitro\u2010<jats:sc>L<\/jats:sc>\u2010arginine (<jats:sc>L<\/jats:sc>\u2010NOARG). \u03c9\u2010Conotoxin GVIA (100\u2003n<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) significantly reduced MI values in both the proximal RP and ureter.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Exposure of the spontaneously\u2010active UUT to capsaicin (10\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc> for 15\u2003min) induced a transient increase in UUT contractility, followed by a prolonged negative inotropic effect. The MI values, calculated 60\u2003min after the washout of capsaicin, for the proximal and distal RP and ureter were reduced to 56%, 53% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=18) and 61% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=16), respectively, of their control values. This capsaicin pretreatment blocked the positive inotropic effects of transmural electrical nerve stimulation on UUT contractility to reveal a small inhibitory effect which was readily blocked by tetrodotoxin (3\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=3). The excitatory and inhibitory actions of nerve stimulation were both blocked by TTX (3\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>)<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>A second exposure to capsaicin (10\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc> for 15\u2003min), further reduced the MI values (calculated 60\u2003min after washout) in the proximal and distal RP to 41% and 31%, respectively (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=6; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05), of the initial control values.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>In 61% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=99) of preparations, the application of stretch to the proximal RP (0.5 to 2\u2003mm) evoked a decrease in the amplitude of the contractions recorded in the distal RP, but not in the ureter. Stretch applied to the distal RP or ureter had no effect on the contractions recorded in the other regions of the UUT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>In 5 out of 6 preparations, a single application of capsaicin (10\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc> for 15\u2003min) had little effect on the change in contractile force of the distal RP evoked upon stretch of the proximal RP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The inhibition of the distal RP upon stretch of the proximal RP was partially reduced (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05) when the UUT was pretreated with the calcitonin gene\u2010related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist, hCGRP (8\u201337) (1\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The application of the CGRP receptor agonist, hCGRP (100\u2003n<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) inhibited contractility in the UUT in a region dependent manner. The MI of the proximal RP was decreased 32% after 6\u2003min; while the MIs of the distal RP and ureter were reduced 83% and 63%, respectively, within 5\u2003min of the application of hCGRP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Glibenclamide (1\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) had little effect on the spontaneous contractility of the UUT, but significantly reduced the inhibition of the distal RP evoked upon stretch (0.5 to 2\u2003mm) of the proximal RP. TTX (3\u201310\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>), <jats:sc>L<\/jats:sc>\u2010NOARG (100\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) or \u03c9\u2010conotoxin GVIA (100\u2003n<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) had little effect on the stretch\u2010evoked inhibition of the distal RP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>It was concluded that circumferential stretch of the proximal RP inhibits the contractility of the distal RP and that a component of this inhibition involves the activation of a glibenclamide\u2010sensitive mechanism via the release of endogenous CGRP, possibly from the varicosities of intramural sensory nerves.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>British Journal of Pharmacology<\/jats:italic> (1998) <jats:bold>123<\/jats:bold>, 1143\u20131153; doi:<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" xlink:href=\"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0701711\">10.1038\/sj.bjp.0701711<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0701711","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,28]],"date-time":"2005-01-28T19:25:05Z","timestamp":1106940305000},"page":"1143-1153","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Stretch\u2010evoked inhibition of spontaneous migrating contractions in a whole mount preparation of the guinea\u2010pig upper urinary tract"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"M E.","family":"Teele","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R J.","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00172118"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01936991"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00592794"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"418","article-title":"Species variation in the location of upper urinary tract pacemaker cells","volume":"11","author":"Gosling J.A.","year":"1974","journal-title":"Invest. 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