{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T14:52:56Z","timestamp":1791903176978,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,3]],"date-time":"2009-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3931,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"explicit-label\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Changes in respiratory variables, arterial blood pressure and heart rate were studied in awake rats after injection of the opioid peptide [Lys<jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup>]dermorphin and its main metabolites, [1\u20105]dermorphin and [1\u20104]dermorphin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Fifteen minutes after injection, doses of [Lys<jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup>]dermorphin producing antinociception (i.c.v., 36\u2013120 nmol; s.c., 0.12\u20134.7 \u03bcmol kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) significantly increased respiratory frequency and minute volume of rats breathing air or hypoxic inspirates. This respiratory stimulation was reversed to depression by the 5\u2010HT receptor antagonist ritanserin (2 mg kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, s.c.), was blocked by naloxone (0.1 mg kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, s.c.), significantly reduced by the \u03bc<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> opioid receptor antagonist naloxonazine (10 mg kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, s.c., 24 h before) but unaffected by peripherally acting opioid antagonist naloxone methyl bromide (3 mg kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, s.c.). Forty five minutes after injection, doses of the peptide producing catalepsy (s.c., 8.3\u201314.2 \u03bcmol kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, i.c.v., 360 nmol) significantly reduced respiratory frequency and volume of rats breathing air and blocked the hypercapnic ventilator response of rats breathing from 4% to 10% CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. I.c.v. administration of [1\u20105]dermorphin and [1\u20104]dermorphin (from 36 to 360 nmol) never stimulated respiration but significantly reduced basal and CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010stimulated ventilation. Opioid respiratory depression was only antagonized by naloxone.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>In awake rats, [Lys<jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup>]dermorphin (0.1\u20131 mg kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, s.c.) decreased blood pressure. This hypotensive response was abolished by naloxone, reduced by naloxone methyl bromide and unaffected by naloxonazine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>In conclusion, the present study indicates that analgesic doses of [Lys<jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup>]dermorphin stimulate respiration by activating central \u03bc<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> opioid receptors and this respiratory stimulation involves a forebrain 5\u2010hydroxytryptaminergic excitatory pathway.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0701823","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,28]],"date-time":"2005-01-28T19:21:10Z","timestamp":1106940070000},"page":"345-355","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Respiratory and cardiovascular effects of the \u03bc\u2010opioid receptor agonist [Lys<sup>7<\/sup>]dermorphin in awake rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Lucia","family":"Negri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Lattanzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Tabacco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Melchiorri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1995.tb16658.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(70)90056-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1995.75.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(95)00045-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-3623(92)90039-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(97)00279-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0701430"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130050317"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1983.sp014818"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(94)00921-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"74","article-title":"Method for determining loss of pain sensation","volume":"72","author":"D'Amour F.E.","year":"1941","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"529","volume-title":"Handbook of Physiology, section 3, The Respiratory System.","author":"De B. Daly M.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1988.tb11551.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(93)90027-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(78)90103-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"452","article-title":"The fall of blood pressure caused by intravenous morphine in the rat and cat","volume":"7","author":"Evans A.G.J.","year":"1952","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(95)00234-C"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0701311"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0701336"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(94)01416-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1995.64062716.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","first-page":"665","article-title":"Characterization of the effects of activation of ventral medullary serotonin receptor subtypes on cardiovascular activity and respiratory motor outflow to the diaphragm","volume":"252","author":"King K.A.","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","first-page":"747","article-title":"Pharmacological characterization of in vivo properties of putative mixed 5\u2010HT1A agonist\/5\u2010HT(2A\/2C) antagonist anxiolytics. II. Drug discrimination and behavioral observation studies in rats","volume":"282","author":"Kleven M.S.","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","first-page":"425","article-title":"Some effects of morphine on respiration and metabolism of rats","volume":"148","author":"Kokka N.","year":"1965","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1981.51.1.78","article-title":"Ventilation during prolonged hypercapnia in the rat","volume":"51","author":"Lai J.L.","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.75.12.6240"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1993.sp019510"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","first-page":"149","article-title":"Separation of opioid analgesia from respiratory depression: evidence for different receptor mechanisms","volume":"232","author":"Ling G.S.F.","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.1958.sp001319"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","first-page":"283","article-title":"Pharmacology of opioids","volume":"35","author":"Martin W.R.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(81)90108-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-3623(95)02149-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(96)02266-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(97)00057-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.15.7203"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1995.tb14905.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1978.44.5.763","article-title":"Rat as a model for human like ventilatory adaptation to chronic hypoxia","volume":"44","author":"Olson E.B.","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","first-page":"235","article-title":"Respiratory and locomotor stimulation by low doses of dermorphin, a mu1 receptor\u2010mediated effect","volume":"250","author":"Paakkari P.","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","first-page":"544","article-title":"Dermorphin analog Tyr\u2010D\u2010Arg2\u2010Phe\u2010Sarcosine\u2010induced opioid analgesia and respiratory stimulation: the role of mu1 receptors?","volume":"266","author":"Paakkari P.","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1993.tb03166.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(88)90150-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(93)91237-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","first-page":"521","volume-title":"The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics","author":"Reisine T.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1985.59.6.1675"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(93)90104-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1991.tb12437.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-4328(96)00089-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1991.tb12452.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","first-page":"252","article-title":"Respiratory effects of morphine in awake unrestrained rats","volume":"131","author":"Van Den Hoogen R.H.","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","volume-title":"Statistical Principles in Experimental Design.","author":"Winer B.J.","year":"1971"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(94)00638-N"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1038%2Fsj.bjp.0701823","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1038%2Fsj.bjp.0701823","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1038\/sj.bjp.0701823","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,28]],"date-time":"2023-10-28T02:29:48Z","timestamp":1698460188000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1038\/sj.bjp.0701823"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,5]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1038\/sj.bjp.0701823"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.bjp.0701823","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1188","1476-5381"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1188","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5381","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2009-02-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}