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The tachykinin NK<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> and NK<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> receptor agonists septide and senktide, respectively, were ineffective.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Electrical field stimulation (EFS) of the guinea\u2010pig isolated renal pelvis produced an inotropic response blocked by MEN\u200311420 (0.01\u20131\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>). In the same preparation MEN\u200311420 (0.1\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) blocked (apparent pK<jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>=8.2) the potentiation of spontaneous motor activity produced by the NK<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> receptor\u2010selective agonist [\u03b2Ala<jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>]NKA(4\u201310).<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>In sucrose\u2010gap experiments, EFS evoked action potentials (APs) accompanied by phasic contractions of human and guinea\u2010pig ureter, which were unaffected by tetrodotoxin or MEN\u200311420 (3\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>), but were blocked by nifedipine (1\u201310\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>). NKA (1\u20133\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) produced a slow membrane depolarization with superimposed APs and a tonic contraction with superimposed phasic contractions. NKA prolonged the duration of EFS\u2010evoked APs and potentiated the accompanying contractions. MEN\u200311420 completely prevented the responses to NKA in both the human and guinea\u2010pig ureter.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Nifedipine (1\u201310\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) suppressed the NKA\u2010evoked APs and phasic contractions in both human and guinea\u2010pig ureter, and slightly reduced the membrane depolarization induced by NKA. A tonic\u2010type contraction of the human ureter in response to NKA persisted in the presence of nifedipine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>In conclusion, tachykinins produce smooth muscle excitation in both human and guinea\u2010pig ureter by stimulating receptors of the NK<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> type only. NK<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> receptor activation depolarizes the membrane to trigger the firing of APs from latent pacemakers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>British Journal of Pharmacology<\/jats:italic> (1998) <jats:bold>125<\/jats:bold>, 987\u2013996; doi:<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" xlink:href=\"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0702147\">10.1038\/sj.bjp.0702147<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0702147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,28]],"date-time":"2005-01-28T19:27:39Z","timestamp":1106940459000},"page":"987-996","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Excitatory motor and electrical effects produced by tachykinins in the human and guinea\u2010pig isolated ureter and guinea\u2010pig renal pelvis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Patacchini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Santicioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Zagorodnyuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Lazzeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damiano","family":"Turini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Alberto Maggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","first-page":"374","article-title":"Modification of the single sucrose\u2010gap","volume":"28","author":"Artemenko D.P.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Physiol. 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