{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T21:47:13Z","timestamp":1770500833549,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,29]],"date-time":"2009-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3681,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"explicit-label\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Peroxynitrite is a strong oxidant that results from reaction between NO and superoxide. It has been recently proposed that peroxynitrite plays a pathogenetic role in inflammatory processes. Here we have investigated the therapeutic efficacy of raxofelast, a new hydrophilic vitamin E\u2010like antioxidant agent, in rats subjected to carrageenan\u2010induced pleurisy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic> treatment with raxofelast (5, 10, 20\u2003mg\u2003kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> intraperitoneally 5\u2003min before carrageenan) prevented in a dose dependent manner carrageenan\u2010induced pleural exudation and polymorphonuclear migration in rats subjected to carrageenan\u2010induced pleurisy. Lung myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, as well as histological organ injury were significantly reduced by raxofelast.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Immunohistochemical analysis for nitrotyrosine, a footprint of peroxynitrite, revealed a positive staining in lungs from carrageenan\u2010treated rats. No positive nitrotyrosine staining was found in the lungs of the carrageenan\u2010treated rats, which received raxofelast (20\u2003mg\u2003kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Furthermore, <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> raxofelast (5, 10, 20\u2003mg\u2003kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) treatment significantly reduced peroxynitrite formation as measured by the oxidation of the fluorescent dihydrorhodamine 123, prevented the appearance of DNA damage, the decrease in mitochondrial respiration and partially restored the cellular level of NAD<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> in <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic> macrophages harvested from the pleural cavity of rats subjected to carrageenan\u2010induced pleurisy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>In conclusion, our study demonstrates that raxofelast, a new hydrophilic vitamin E\u2010like antioxidant agent, exerts multiple protective effects in carrageenan\u2010induced acute inflammation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>British Journal of Pharmacology<\/jats:italic> (1999) <jats:bold>126<\/jats:bold>, 407\u2013414; doi:<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" xlink:href=\"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0702275\">10.1038\/sj.bjp.0702275<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0702275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,28]],"date-time":"2005-01-28T19:57:44Z","timestamp":1106942264000},"page":"407-414","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Beneficial effects of raxofelast (IRFI 016), a new hydrophilic vitamin E\u2010like antioxidant, in carrageenan\u2010induced pleurisy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Cuzzocrea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppina","family":"Costantino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emanuela","family":"Mazzon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Achille P","family":"Caputi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.4.1620"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"287","article-title":"IRFI 016 a new radical scavenger limits ischemic damage following coronary artery occlusion in rats","volume":"76","author":"CAMPO G.M.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Res. 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