{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,29]],"date-time":"2023-10-29T05:16:17Z","timestamp":1698556577494},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,29]],"date-time":"2009-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3591,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"explicit-label\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Intracellularly recorded excitatory junction potentials (e.j.ps) were used to study the effects of adenosine receptor antagonists on neurotransmitter release from postganglionic sympathetic nerve terminals in the guinea\u2010pig vas deferens <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The A<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> adenosine receptor antagonists, 8\u2010phenyltheophylline (10\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) and 8\u2010cyclopentyl\u20101,3\u2010dipropylxanthine (0.1\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>), increased the amplitude of e.j.ps evoked during trains of 20 stimuli at 1\u2003Hz in the presence, but not in the absence, of the \u03b1<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010adrenoceptor antagonist, yohimbine (1\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) or the non\u2010selective \u03b1\u2010adrenoceptor antagonist, phentolamine (1\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Adenosine (100\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) reduced the amplitude of e.j.ps, both in the presence and in the absence of phentolamine (1\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>). This inhibitory effect of adenosine is most likely caused by a reduction in transmitter release as there was no detectable change in spontaneous e.j.p. amplitudes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>In the presence of phentolamine, application of the adenosine uptake inhibitor, S\u2010(p\u2010nitrobenzyl)\u20106\u2010thioinosine (0.1\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>), had no effect on e.j.p. amplitudes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The phosphodiesterase inhibitor, 3\u2010isobutyl\u20101\u2010methylxanthine (100\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>), significantly increased the amplitudes of all e.j.ps evoked during trains of 20 stimuli at 1\u2003Hz, both in the presence and in the absence of phentolamine (1\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>These results suggest that endogenous adenosine modulates neurotransmitter release by an action at prejunctional A<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> adenosine receptors only when \u03b1<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010adrenoceptors are blocked.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>British Journal of Pharmacology<\/jats:italic> (1999) <jats:bold>126<\/jats:bold>, 1761\u20131768; doi:<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" xlink:href=\"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0702514\">10.1038\/sj.bjp.0702514<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0702514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,28]],"date-time":"2005-01-28T19:58:52Z","timestamp":1106942332000},"page":"1761-1768","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effects of A<sub>1<\/sub>\u2010adenosine receptor antagonists on purinergic transmission in the guinea\u2010pig vas deferens <i>in vitro<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Todd A","family":"Hardy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James A","family":"Brock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00167217"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-8673.1984.tb00433.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-8673.1981.tb00075.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1988.tb11497.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"81","volume-title":"Neurotransmitter release and its modulations","author":"BROCK J.A.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.1993.sp003709"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00178971"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00175467"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1988.sp016986"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1988.tb11610.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00180009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"104","volume-title":"Neurotransmitter release and its modulation","author":"FREDHOLM B.B.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"143","article-title":"Nomenclature and classification of purinoceptors","volume":"46","author":"FREDHOLM B.B.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pharmacol. 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