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However, in the marmoset, there was a significant (\u223c23%) <jats:italic>nor<\/jats:italic>\u2010BNI\u2010insensitive component.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item>\n<jats:p>In rat striatal synaptosomes, the Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010channel antagonists \u03c9\u2010agatoxin\u2010IVA (P\/Q\u2010type blocker), \u03c9\u2010conotoxin\u2010MVIIC (N\/P\/Q\u2010type blocker) and \u03c9\u2010conotoxin\u2010GVIA (N\u2010type blocker) reduced 4\u2010AP\u2010stimulated, Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010dependent glutamate release in a concentration\u2010dependent manner with IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> values of 6.5\u00b10.9\u2003n<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>, 75.5\u00b15.9\u2003n<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc> and 106.5\u00b18.7\u2003n<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>, respectively. In marmoset striatal synaptosomes, 4\u2010AP\u2010stimulated, Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010dependent glutamate release was significantly inhibited by \u03c9\u2010agatoxin\u2010IVA (30\u2003n<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>, 57.6\u00b12.3%, inhibition), \u03c9\u2010conotoxin\u2010MVIIC (300\u2003n<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>, 57.8\u00b13.1%) and \u03c9\u2010conotoxin\u2010GVIA (1\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>, 56.7\u00b12%).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item>\n<jats:p>Studies utilizing combinations of Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010channel antagonists suggests that in the rat striatum, two relatively distinct pools of glutamate, released by activation of either P or Q\u2010type Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010channels, exist. In contrast, in the primate there is much overlap between the glutamate released by P and Q\u2010type Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010channel activation.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item>\n<jats:p>Studies using combinations of enadoline and the Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010channel antagonists suggest that enadoline\u2010induced inhibition of glutamate release occurs primarily <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> reduction of Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010influx through P\u2010type Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010channels in the rat but <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> N\u2010type Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010channels in the marmoset.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item>\n<jats:p>In conclusion, the results presented suggest that there are species differences in the control of glutamate release by \u03ba\u2010opioid receptors and Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010channels.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>British Journal of Pharmacology<\/jats:italic> (1999) <jats:bold>127<\/jats:bold>, 275\u2013283; doi:<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" xlink:href=\"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0702523\">10.1038\/sj.bjp.0702523<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0702523","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,28]],"date-time":"2005-01-28T20:03:02Z","timestamp":1106942582000},"page":"275-283","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Control of glutamate release by calcium channels and <i>\u03ba<\/i>\u2010opioid receptors in rodent and primate striatum"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"M P","family":"Hill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J M","family":"Brotchie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"681","article-title":"Structure and properties of \u03c9\u2010aga\u2010IVB, a new antagonist of P\u2010type calcium channels","volume":"44","author":"ADAMS M.E.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mol. 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