{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T02:24:29Z","timestamp":1770431069206,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,29]],"date-time":"2009-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3530,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"explicit-label\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Nociceptin, also known as orphanin FQ, is an endogenous ligand for the orphan opioid receptor\u2010like receptor 1 (ORL1) and involves in various functions in the central nervous system (CNS). On the other hand, nocistatin is recently isolated from the same precursor as nociceptin and blocks nociceptin\u2010induced allodynia and hyperalgesia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Although ORL1 receptors which display a high degree of sequence homology with classical opioid receptors are abundant in the hippocampus, little is known regarding their role in learning and memory.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The present study was designed to investigate whether nociceptin\/orphanin FQ and nocistatin could modulate impairment of learning and memory induced by scopolamine, a muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist, using spontaneous alternation of Y\u2010maze and step\u2010down type passive avoidance tasks in mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>While nocistatin (0.5\u20135.0\u2003nmol mouse<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, i.c.v.) administered 30\u2003min before spontaneous alternation performance or the training session of the passive avoidance task, had no effect on spontaneous alternation or passive avoidance behaviours, a lower per cent alternation and shorter median step\u2010down latency in the retention test were obtained in nociceptin (1.5 and\/or 5.0\u2003nmol mouse<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, i.c.v.)\u2010treated normal mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Administration of nocistatin (1.5 and\/or 5.0\u2003nmol mouse<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, i.c.v.) 30\u2003min before spontaneous alternation performance or the training session of the passive avoidance task, attenuated the scopolamine\u2010induced impairment of spontaneous alternation and passive avoidance behaviours.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>These results indicated that nocistatin, a new biologically active peptide, ameliorates impairments of spontaneous alternation and passive avoidance induced by scopolamine, and suggested that these peptides play opposite roles in learning and memory.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>British Journal of Pharmacology<\/jats:italic> (1999) <jats:bold>127<\/jats:bold>, 655\u2013660; doi:<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" xlink:href=\"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0702595\">10.1038\/sj.bjp.0702595<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0702595","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,28]],"date-time":"2005-01-28T20:04:34Z","timestamp":1106942674000},"page":"655-660","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Nociceptin\/orphanin FQ and nocistatin on learning and memory impairment induced by scopolamine in mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"Masayuki","family":"Hiramatsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaori","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19960429)368:2<229::AID-CNE5>3.0.CO;2-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7046051"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(96)00707-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1957.tb01354.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(87)90764-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(99)00003-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(96)00622-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1996.tb15396.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0701671"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"858","article-title":"Effects of U\u201050,488H on scopolamine\u2010, mecamylamine\u2010 and dizocilpine\u2010induced learning and memory impairment in rats","volume":"284","author":"HIRAMATSU M.","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. 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