{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T06:50:57Z","timestamp":1759042257042},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,29]],"date-time":"2009-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3438,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"explicit-label\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Twitch\u2010like contractions and non\u2010adrenergic non\u2010cholinergic (NANC) relaxations evoked by electrical field stimulation (EFS) of the cat bronchiole were used to examine the voltage\u2010activated calcium channels involved in excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission in the cat bronchiole.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Nifedipine (50\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>), the L\u2010type calcium channel antagonist, did not affect the twitch\u2010like contraction and NANC relaxations. However, low concentrations of the N\u2010type calcium channel blocker \u03c9\u2010conotoxin GVIA (\u03c9\u2010CgTX GVIA) (0.1\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) irreversibly abolished twitch\u2010like contractions evoked by trains of EFS 10 stimuli at 20\u2003Hz.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>After the prolonged treatment with 0.1\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc> \u03c9\u2010CgTX GVIA, EFS evoked initial fast and later slow NANC relaxations in the presence of 5\u2010HT (10\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>), atropine and guanethidine (1\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc> each). However increased concentration of \u03c9\u2010CgTX GVIA (1\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) completely suppressed the slow NANC relaxation without affecting the initial fast component.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>\u03c9\u2010agatoxin IVA (100\u2003n<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>), the P\u2010 and Q\u2010type calcium channel inhibitor, and nimodipine (10\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>), the L\u2010 and T\u2010type calcium channel blocker, did not affect the amplitude of the initial fast NANC relaxation in the absence or presence of \u03c9\u2010CgTX GVIA (1\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The contraction or relaxation induced by exogenous acetylcholine (ACh) (0.5\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) or the nitric oxide donor, s\u2010nitroso\u2010N\u2010acetyl penicillamine (SNAP) (1\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) were not affected by \u03c9\u2010CgTX GVIA (1\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Taken together, these results suggest that generation of twitch\u2010like contraction and later slow NANC relaxation are regulated by N\u2010type calcium channels, whereas generation of the initial fast NANC relaxation possibly involves R\u2010type calcium channel.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>British Journal of Pharmacology<\/jats:italic> (1999) <jats:bold>128<\/jats:bold>, 262\u2013268; doi:<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" xlink:href=\"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0702791\">10.1038\/sj.bjp.0702791<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0702791","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,28]],"date-time":"2005-01-28T20:24:47Z","timestamp":1106943887000},"page":"262-268","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Multiple calcium channels regulate neurotransmitter release from vagus nerve terminals in the cat bronchiole"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"128","author":[{"given":"Kanichiro","family":"Fujisawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Onoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kihachiro","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yushi","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"2649","article-title":"Systemic identification of endobronchial anatomy during bronchoscopy in the dog","volume":"47","author":"AMIS T.C.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am. 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