{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T01:52:54Z","timestamp":1777513974957,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,29]],"date-time":"2009-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3377,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"explicit-label\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>We have investigated the effects of methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, \u2018ecstasy\u2019) on peripheral noradrenergic neurotransmission in the rat.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>In rat atrial slices pre\u2010incubated with [<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H]\u2010noradrenaline and in the presence of desipramine (1\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) to prevent effects of MDMA on basal outflow of tritium, MDMA (10\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) significantly inhibited the release of tritium evoked by short trains of six pulses at 100\u2003Hz every 10\u2003s for 3\u2003min. This effect did not occur in the presence of the \u03b1<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine (1\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>In epididymal portions of rat vas deferens in the presence of nifedipine (10\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>), MDMA produced a concentration\u2010dependent inhibition of single pulse nerve stimulation\u2010evoked contractions with a pD<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> of 5.88\u00b10.16 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=4). Inhibitory effects of MDMA were antagonized by the \u03b1<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine (0.3\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>), but not by the 5\u2010hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonist cyanopindolol in a concentration (1\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) which markedly antagonized the inhibitory actions of the 5\u2010HT\u20101 receptor agonist 5\u2010carboxamidotryptamine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>In prostatic portions of rat vas deferens in the presence of cocaine (3\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>), MDMA produced a concentration\u2010dependent inhibition of single pulse nerve stimulation\u2010evoked contractions with a pD<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> of 5.12\u00b10.21 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=4). In the absence of cocaine, only the highest concentration of MDMA (30\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) produced an inhibition, but the \u03b1<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine (0.3\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) converted the response to MDMA from inhibition to potentiation of the stimulation\u2010evoked contraction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>In radioligand binding studies, MDMA showed similar affinities for \u03b1<jats:sub>2B<\/jats:sub>, \u03b1<jats:sub>2C<\/jats:sub> and \u03b1<jats:sub>2D<\/jats:sub>\u2010adrenoceptor sites, with pK<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub> values of 5.14\u00b10.16, 5.11\u00b10.05 and 5.31\u00b10.14, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>It is concluded that MDMA has significant \u03b1<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010adrenoceptor agonist actions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>British Journal of Pharmacology<\/jats:italic> (1999) <jats:bold>128<\/jats:bold>, 975\u2013980; doi:<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" xlink:href=\"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0702875\">10.1038\/sj.bjp.0702875<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0702875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,28]],"date-time":"2005-01-28T20:14:39Z","timestamp":1106943279000},"page":"975-980","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Investigation of the prejunctional \u03b1<sub>2<\/sub>\u2010adrenoceptor mediated actions of MDMA in rat atrium and vas deferens"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"128","author":[{"given":"Aisling","family":"Lavelle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Honner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J R","family":"Docherty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1993.tb13534.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(88)90056-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"911","article-title":"3,4\u2010Methylenedioxymethamphetamine destroys serotonergic terminals in rat brain: quantification of neurodegeneration by measurement of [3H]\u2010paroxetine\u2010labelled serotonin uptake sites","volume":"242","author":"BATTAGLIA G.","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. 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