{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T10:16:12Z","timestamp":1761128172613},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,30]],"date-time":"2009-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3317,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"explicit-label\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>We have tested the effect of the gap junction inhibitor, 18\u03b2\u2010glycyrrhetinic acid (18\u03b2GA) on electromechanical coupling in the guinea\u2010pig renal pelvis and ureter by the sucrose gap technique.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>In the ureter 18\u03b2GA (3\u201330\u2003\u03bcM) produced a concentration\u2010dependent inhibition of the spike component of the action potential (AP) and reduced contraction evoked by electrical stimulation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Neurokinin A (NKA) produced a slow depolarization with superimposed APs and phasic contractions of the ureter. 18\u03b2GA (30\u2003\u03bcM) markedly inhibited the depolarization and APs evoked by NKA. However the contractile response was more sustained in the presence than in the absence of 18\u03b2GA. At 100\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>, 18\u03b2GA inhibited the mechanical responses to NKA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>KCl (80\u2003mM) produced APs and phasic contractions followed by sustained depolarization and tonic contraction. At 30\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc> 18\u03b2GA markedly inhibited the KCl\u2010evoked APs and phasic contractions without affecting the sustained responses. At 100\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc> 18\u03b2GA inhibited the tonic contraction to KCl.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>In the renal pelvis 18\u03b2GA (30\u2003\u03bcM) inhibited the amplitude of pacemaker potentials and accompanying contractions and induced the appearance of low\u2010amplitude APs not associated with contraction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>We conclude that, up to 30\u2003\u03bcM, the action of 18\u03b2GA is consistent with an inhibition of cell\u2010to\u2010cell electrical coupling <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> gap junctions. The single\u2010unit character of smooth muscles in the guinea\u2010pig upper urinary tract is partly converted to a multi\u2010unit pattern. At high concentrations 18\u03b2GA possesses non specific effects which limit its usefulness as a tool for studying the role of gap junctions in smooth muscles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>British Journal of Pharmacology<\/jats:italic> (2000) <jats:bold>129<\/jats:bold>, 163\u2013169; doi:<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" xlink:href=\"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0703004\">10.1038\/sj.bjp.0703004<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0703004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,28]],"date-time":"2005-01-28T20:34:06Z","timestamp":1106944446000},"page":"163-169","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Effect of 18<i>\u03b2<\/i>\u2010glycyrrhetinic acid on electromechanical coupling in the guinea\u2010pig renal pelvis and ureter"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"Paolo","family":"Santicioli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlo Alberto","family":"Maggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"374","article-title":"Modification of the single sucrose\u2010gap method","volume":"28","author":"ARTEMENKO D.P.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Physiol. 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