{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T16:53:59Z","timestamp":1790873639650,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,30]],"date-time":"2009-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3286,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"explicit-label\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>It was the aim of this study to look for a high\u2010affinity and selective polypeptide toxin, which could serve as a probe for the volume\u2010regulated anion channel (VRAC) or the calcium\u2010activated chloride channel (CaCC). We have partially purified chlorotoxin, including new and homologous short chain insectotoxins, from the crude venom of <jats:italic>Leiurus quinquestriatus quinquestriatus (Lqq)<\/jats:italic> by means of gel filtration chromatography. Material eluting between 280 and 420\u2003min, corresponding to fractions 15\u201321, was lyophilized and tested on VRAC and CaCC, using the whole\u2010cell patch\u2010clamp technique. We have also tested the commercially available chlorotoxin on VRAC, CaCC, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and on the glioma specific chloride channel (GCC).<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>VRAC and the correspondent current, I<jats:sub>Cl,swell<\/jats:sub>, was activated in Cultured Pulmonary Artery Endothelial (CPAE) cells by a 25% hypotonic solution. Neither of the fractions 16\u201321 significantly inhibited I<jats:sub>Cl,swell<\/jats:sub> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=4\u20135). Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010activated Cl<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> currents, I<jats:sub>Cl,Ca<\/jats:sub>, activated by loading T84 cells <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> the patch pipette with 1\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc> free Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>, were not inhibited by any of the tested fractions (15\u201321), (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=2\u20135).<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Chlorotoxin (625\u2003n<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) did neither effect I<jats:sub>Cl,swell<\/jats:sub> nor I<jats:sub>Cl,Ca<\/jats:sub> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=4\u20135). The CFTR channel, transiently transfected in COS cells and activated by a cocktail containing IBMX and forskolin, was not affected by 1.2\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc> chlorotoxin (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=5). In addition, it did not affect currents through GCC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>We conclude that submicromolar concentrations of chlorotoxin do not block volume\u2010regulated, Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010activated and CFTR chloride channels and that it can not be classified as a general chloride channel toxin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>British Journal of Pharmacology<\/jats:italic> (2000) <jats:bold>129<\/jats:bold>, 791\u2013801; doi:<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" xlink:href=\"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0703102\">10.1038\/sj.bjp.0703102<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0703102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,28]],"date-time":"2005-01-28T20:46:01Z","timestamp":1106945161000},"page":"791-801","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Chlorotoxin does not inhibit volume\u2010regulated, calcium\u2010activated and cyclic AMP\u2010activated chloride channels"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"Chantal","family":"Maertens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Tytgat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy","family":"Droogmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Nilius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1991.sp018735"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI639"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1993.264.2.C361"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(91)90128-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.950190206"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0702314"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/313316a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.103.5.787"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1997.sp021865"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0143-4160(97)90089-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002329900374"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.100.2.217"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.104.1.173"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14607","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)66914-5","article-title":"Purification of charybdotoxin, a specific inhibitor of the high\u2010conductance Ca2+\u2010activated K+ channel","volume":"261","author":"SMITH C.","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. 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