{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T03:37:18Z","timestamp":1792121838347,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,29]],"date-time":"2009-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3103,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"explicit-label\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Mouse spiders represent a potential cause of serious envenomation in humans. This study examined the activity of <jats:italic>Missulena bradleyi<\/jats:italic> venom in several <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> preparations. Whilst female <jats:italic>M. bradleyi<\/jats:italic> venom at doses up to 0.05\u2003\u03bcl\u2003ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> failed to alter twitch or resting tension in all preparations used, male venom (0.02 and 0.05\u2003\u03bcl\u2003ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) produced potent effects on transmitter release in both smooth and skeletal neuromuscular preparations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>In the mouse phrenic nerve diaphragm preparation, male <jats:italic>M. bradleyi<\/jats:italic> venom (0.02\u2003\u03bcl\u2003ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) caused rapid fasciculations and an increase in indirectly evoked twitches.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Male venom (0.02 and 0.05\u2003\u03bcl\u2003ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) also caused a large contracture and rapid decrease in indirectly evoked twitches in the chick biventer cervicis muscle, however had no effect on responses to exogenous ACh (1\u2003m<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) or potassium chloride (40\u2003m<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>). In the chick preparation, contractile responses to male <jats:italic>M. bradleyi<\/jats:italic> venom (0.05\u2003\u03bcl\u2003ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) were attenuated by (+)\u2010tubocurarine (100\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) and by tetrodotoxin (TTX, 1\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>). Both actions of male <jats:italic>M. bradleyi<\/jats:italic> venom were blocked by <jats:italic>Atrax robustus<\/jats:italic> antivenom (2 units ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>In the unstimulated rat vas deferens, male venom (0.05\u2003\u03bcl\u2003ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) caused contractions which were inhibited by a combination of prazosin (0.3\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) and P<jats:sub>2X<\/jats:sub>\u2010receptor desensitization (with \u03b1,\u03b2\u2010methylene ATP 10\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>). In the rat stimulated vas deferens, male venom (0.05\u2003\u03bcl\u2003ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) augmented indirectly evoked twitches.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Male venom (0.1\u2003\u03bcl\u2003ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) causes a slowing of inactivation of TTX\u2010sensitive sodium currents in acutely dissociated rat dorsal root ganglion neurons.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>These results suggest that venom from male <jats:italic>M. bradleyi<\/jats:italic> contains a potent neurotoxin which facilitates neurotransmitter release by modifying TTX\u2010sensitive sodium channel gating. This action is similar to that of the \u03b4\u2010atracotoxins from Australian funnel\u2010web spiders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>British Journal of Pharmacology<\/jats:italic> (2000) <jats:bold>130<\/jats:bold>, 1817\u20131824; doi:<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" xlink:href=\"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0703494\">10.1038\/sj.bjp.0703494<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0703494","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,28]],"date-time":"2005-01-28T20:46:59Z","timestamp":1106945219000},"page":"1817-1824","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Neurotoxic activity of venom from the Australian Eastern mouse spider (<i>Missulena bradleyi<\/i>) involves modulation of sodium channel gating"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"130","author":[{"given":"Lachlan D","family":"Rash","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liesl C","family":"Birinyi\u2010Strachan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham M","family":"Nicholson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wayne C","family":"Hodgson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.70.5.549"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1973.tb09949.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7742(08)60329-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"45","article-title":"Records of bites by Missulena species","volume":"46","author":"FAULDER R.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Australasian Arachnology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"73","article-title":"Two new species of the Australian spider genus Missulena Walkenaer (Araneae: Actinopodidae)","volume":"52","author":"FAULDER R.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Records of the Western Australian Museum"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.1977.44"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(95)00053-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00656997"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Zoological Catalogue","author":"MAIN B.Y.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"355","article-title":"Biosystematics of Australian mygalomorph spiders: description of a new species of Missulena from southwestern Australia (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Actinopodidae)","volume":"17","author":"MAIN B.Y.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Records of the Western Australian Museum"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(79)90401-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004240050612"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00724524"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","first-page":"605","article-title":"Kinetics of chlorpromazine block of sodium channels in single guinea pig cardiac myocytes","volume":"248","author":"OGATA N.","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. 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