{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T18:12:53Z","timestamp":1759342373804},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,29]],"date-time":"2009-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3072,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"explicit-label\">\n<jats:list-item>\n<jats:p>The effects of the nitric oxide (NO) donor S\u2010nitroso\u2010N\u2010acetyl\u2010DL\u2010penicillamine (SNAP) and the NO synthase inhibitor <jats:sc>L<\/jats:sc>\u2010N<jats:sup>G<\/jats:sup>\u2010nitroarginine (<jats:sc>L<\/jats:sc>\u2010NOARG) on the electrically evoked [<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H]\u2010acetylcholine release were studied in an epithelium\u2010free preparation of guinea\u2010pig trachea that had been preincubated with [<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H]\u2010choline.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item>\n<jats:p>SNAP (100 and 300\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) caused small but significant increases of the electrically evoked [<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H]\u2010acetylcholine release (121\u00b14% and 124\u00b110% of control). Resting outflow of [<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H]\u2010ACh was not affected by SNAP. The increase by SNAP was abolished by the specific inhibitor of soluble guanylyl cyclase, 1<jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\u2010[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3\u2010\u03b1]quinoxalin\u20101\u2010one (ODQ, 1\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item>\n<jats:p>The facilitatory effect of SNAP (100 and 300\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) was reversed into inhibition of release (to 74\u00b14% and to 78\u00b12%) after pretreatment of the trachea with capsaicin (3\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>). ODQ prevented the inhibition. Capsaicin pretreatment alone did not significantly alter the release of [<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H]\u2010acetylcholine. A significant inhibition by SNAP (100\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) of [<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H]\u2010acetylcholine release (78\u00b13%) was also seen in the presence of the NK<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> receptor antagonist SR 48968 (30\u2003n<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item>\n<jats:p><jats:sc>L<\/jats:sc>\u2010NOARG (10 and 100\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) significantly enhanced the electrically\u2010evoked smooth muscle contractions, but caused no significant increases of the evoked release from capsaicin pretreated trachea strips. This might indicate that the inhibitory effect of endogenous NO on acetylcholine release is too small to be detected by overflow studies.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item>\n<jats:p>It is concluded that NO has dual effects on the evoked acetylcholine release. NO enhances release in the absence of modifying drugs, but NO inhibits acetylcholine release after blockade of the NK<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> receptor or after sensory nerve depletion with capsaicin. This suggests that NO and endogenous tachykinins act in series to produce an increase in acetylcholine release.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>British Journal of Pharmacology<\/jats:italic> (2000) <jats:bold>131<\/jats:bold>, 94\u201398; doi:<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" xlink:href=\"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0703531\">10.1038\/sj.bjp.0703531<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0703531","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,28]],"date-time":"2005-01-28T20:46:59Z","timestamp":1106945219000},"page":"94-98","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Modulation of acetylcholine release in the guinea\u2010pig trachea by the nitric oxide donor, S\u2010nitroso\u2010N\u2010acetyl\u2010DL\u2010penicillamine (SNAP)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"Christian F","family":"Mang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heinz","family":"Kilbinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902850110"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00173030"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(93)90689-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1994.tb14030.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(91)90626-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(91)91920-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00166956"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1990.tb14174.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1838(95)00085-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"184","article-title":"Potent and selective inhibition of nitric oxide\u2010sensitive guanylyl cyclase by 1H\u2010[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3\u2010a]quinoxalin\u20101\u2010one","volume":"48","author":"GARTHWAITE J.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1989.tb11951.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(97)00308-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-7258(96)00195-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)62105-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1991.tb09859.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1991.tb12137.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","first-page":"92P","article-title":"Modulation by nitric oxide (NO) of acetylcholine (ACh) release from guinea\u2010pig trachea","volume":"128","author":"MANG C.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199710200-00032"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.38.5.333"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","first-page":"1073","article-title":"The effect of sensory nerve depletion on cholinergic neurotransmission in guinea pig airways","volume":"260","author":"STRETTON D.","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1990.tb14072.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","first-page":"110","article-title":"Relaxing effects of NO donors on guinea pig trachea in vitro are mediated by calcium\u2010sensitive potassium channels","volume":"286","author":"VAALI K.","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116644"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1993.tb13638.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(99)00533-9"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1038%2Fsj.bjp.0703531","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1038%2Fsj.bjp.0703531","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1038\/sj.bjp.0703531","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]],"date-time":"2023-09-27T14:48:35Z","timestamp":1695826115000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1038\/sj.bjp.0703531"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1038\/sj.bjp.0703531"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.bjp.0703531","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1188","1476-5381"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1188","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5381","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2009-01-29","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}