{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T14:57:51Z","timestamp":1787237871248,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,29]],"date-time":"2009-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3042,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:list list-type=\"explicit-label\">\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          The effects of caffeine on both levcromakalim\u2010induced macroscopic and unitary currents in pig proximal urethra were investigated by the use of patch\u2010clamp techniques (conventional whole\u2010cell configuration and cell\u2010attached configuration). The effects of caffeine were also examined on currents in inside\u2010out patches of COS7 cells expressing carboxy terminus truncated inwardly rectifying K\n                          <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                          channel (Kir6.2) subunits (i.e. Kir6.2\u0394C36) which form ATP\u2010sensitive K\n                          <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                          channels (K\n                          <jats:sub>ATP<\/jats:sub>\n                          channels).\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          In conventional whole\u2010cell configuration, the levcromakalim (100\u2003\u03bc\n                          <jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>\n                          )\u2010induced inward current (symmetrical 140\u2003m\n                          <jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>\n                          K\n                          <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                          conditions) was inhibited by caffeine (1\u2003m\n                          <jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>\n                          ) at a holding potential of \u221250\u2003mV. In contrast, ryanodine (10\u2003\u03bc\n                          <jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>\n                          ) caused no significant inhibitory effect on the gradual decay of the levcromakalim\u2010induced current at \u221250\u2003mV.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          The amplitude of the 30\u2003\u03bc\n                          <jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>\n                          levcromakalim\u2010induced current was enhanced by 3\u2010isobutyl\u20101\u2010methylxanthine (IBMX, 100\u2003\u03bc\n                          <jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>\n                          ).\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          In cell\u2010attached configuration, the levcromakalim\u2010induced K\n                          <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                          channel openings were inhibited by subsequent application of 10\u2003m\n                          <jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>\n                          caffeine, decreasing the channel open probability at \u221250\u2003mV.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Reverse transcriptase\u2010polymerase chain reaction (RT\u2013PCR) analysis revealed the presence of Kir6.2 transcript in pig urethra.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          Caffeine (3\u2003m\n                          <jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>\n                          ) inhibited the channel activity of Kir6.2\u0394C36 expressed in COS7 cells (3\u2003m\n                          <jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>\n                          caffeine, 65\u00b16%,\n                          <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                          =4; 10\u2003m\n                          <jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>\n                          caffeine, 29\u00b12%,\n                          <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                          =4).\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          These results suggest that caffeine can inhibit the activity of K\n                          <jats:sub>ATP<\/jats:sub>\n                          channels through a direct blocking effect on the pore\u2010forming Kir subunit.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>British Journal of Pharmacology<\/jats:italic>\n                    (2000)\n                    <jats:bold>131<\/jats:bold>\n                    , 505\u2013513; doi:\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" xlink:href=\"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0703586\">10.1038\/sj.bjp.0703586<\/jats:ext-link>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0703586","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,28]],"date-time":"2005-01-28T15:52:44Z","timestamp":1106927564000},"page":"505-513","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["The effects of caffeine on ATP\u2010sensitive K\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    channels in smooth muscle cells from pig urethra"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"Noriyoshi","family":"Teramoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takakazu","family":"Yunoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiyoshi","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Takano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ichiro","family":"Masaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshikazu","family":"Yonemitsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsuo","family":"Sueishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yushi","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)93503-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1997.121bc.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1989.sp017640"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bb.18.060189.002001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1982.tb07078.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"551","article-title":"Characterization of the ATP\u2010sensitive potassium channels (KATP) expressed in guinea pig bladder smooth muscle cells","volume":"289","author":"GOPALAKRISHNAN M.","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. 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