{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T08:29:07Z","timestamp":1791188947658,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,29]],"date-time":"2009-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2981,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:list list-type=\"explicit-label\">\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>The vasorelaxant activity of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n\u20103), the omega\u20103 polyunsaturated fatty acid, was investigated in isolated Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rat aortae by measuring isometric tension.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          Eicosapentaenoic acid (1\u2013100\u2003\u03bc\n                          <jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>\n                          ) relaxed rat aortae contracted with high K\n                          <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                          (80\u2003m\n                          <jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>\n                          ) or noradrenaline (NA, 1\u2003\u03bc\n                          <jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>\n                          ) in a concentration\u2010dependent manner. Contractions induced by Bay K 8644 or increasing concentrations of calcium were unaffected by EPA.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          The relaxant effect of EPA (3\u2013100\u2003\u03bc\n                          <jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>\n                          ) was significantly inhibited by indomethacin (10\u2003\u03bc\n                          <jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>\n                          ), the cyclo\u2010oxygenase inhibitor, but not by the nitric oxide (NO) synthesis inhibitor, N\n                          <jats:sup>\u03c9<\/jats:sup>\n                          \u2010nitro\u2010\n                          <jats:sc>L<\/jats:sc>\n                          \u2010arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (\n                          <jats:sc>L<\/jats:sc>\n                          \u2010NAME, 100\u2003\u03bc\n                          <jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>\n                          ). Removal of the endothelium did not alter EPA\u2010induced relaxations.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          In Ca\n                          <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                          \u2010free, EGTA 2\u2003m\n                          <jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>\n                          solution, EPA (10\u201330\u2003\u03bc\n                          <jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>\n                          significantly inhibited NA\u2010sustained contractions. Incubation with EPA (5, 10\u2003\u03bc\n                          <jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>\n                          ) diminished both NA\u2010induced (1\u2003\u03bc\n                          <jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>\n                          ) phasic and sustained contractions.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          The vasorelaxant effects of EPA (30\u2003\u03bc\n                          <jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>\n                          ) on NA\u2010induced (1\u2003\u03bc\n                          <jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>\n                          ) contractions were significantly inhibited by the K\n                          <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                          channel blocker, glibenclamide (10\u2003\u03bc\n                          <jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>\n                          ), but not tetraethylammonium (1\u2003m\n                          <jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>\n                          ). Moreover, indomethacin and glibenclamide combined significantly inhibited EPA\u2010induced (1\u2013100\u2003\u03bc\n                          <jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>\n                          ) responses.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          These results indicate EPA exerts its endothelium\u2010independent vasorelaxant effects in WKY rat aortae through production of prostanoids which activate K\n                          <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                          <jats:sub>ATP<\/jats:sub>\n                          channels. Inhibition of Ca\n                          <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                          mobilization from intracellular pools and influx through the non\u2010L\u2010type, but not the L\u2010type, Ca\n                          <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                          channel are also possible mechanisms action of EPA's.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>British Journal of Pharmacology<\/jats:italic>\n                    (2000)\n                    <jats:bold>131<\/jats:bold>\n                    , 1793\u20131799; doi:\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" xlink:href=\"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0703754\">10.1038\/sj.bjp.0703754<\/jats:ext-link>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0703754","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,28]],"date-time":"2005-01-28T16:02:25Z","timestamp":1106928145000},"page":"1793-1799","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Mechanisms of vasorelaxation induced by eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n\u20103) in WKY rat aorta"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"Mary B","family":"Engler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marguerite M","family":"Engler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Browne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi\u2010Ping","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Sievers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0701047"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/28.6.901"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"169","volume-title":"Endothelium\u2010derived Contracting Factors","author":"BOULANGER C.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.1995.tb01959.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-199311000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1991.261.3.H830"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1600641"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00052562"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/y92-086"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000213767"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Vasocactive properties of eicosapentaenoic acid in Wistar\u2010Kyoto rat aorta","volume":"96","author":"ENGLER M.B.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1328-0163(99)90006-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00043798-199406000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7061(99)90060-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"193","article-title":"Pharmacoloy of the aorta","volume":"11","author":"FLEISCH J.H.","year":"1974","journal-title":"Blood Vessels"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-6147(00)88969-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1982.tb09337.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(99)00548-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.20.7834"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Evidence for the existence of two distinct pools of intracellular calcium in the rat aorta accessible to mobilization by norepinephrine","volume":"221","author":"HEASLIP R.J.","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. 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