{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T15:00:43Z","timestamp":1792422043965,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,29]],"date-time":"2009-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2950,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"explicit-label\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>This study examines the relative contributions made by inhibition of mast cell degranulation, reduction of mast cell recruitment and maturation, and lowering the responsiveness of the vasculature to histamine, in the inhibition by glucocorticoids of the weal and flare in human skin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>One forearm of healthy human volunteers was treated for 24\u2003h (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=6) or daily for 21 days (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=10) with 0.05% clobetasol propionate. The other arm served as control. Weal and flare responses were elicited by intradermal injection of 20\u2003\u03bcl of 0.3\u2003m<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc> codeine. The areas of the responses were measured using scanning laser Doppler imaging. Microdialysis was used to assess histamine release. Mast cell numbers and tissue histamine content were assessed in 4\u2010mm punch biopsies. Histamine (20\u2003\u03bcl of 1\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc> i.d.) was used to assess the status of the vasculature.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>No significant effects were seen at 24\u2003h. At 21 days, clobetasol reduced the areas of the codeine\u2010induced weal and flare responses by 59 and 58% respectively (both <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.006). Mast cell numbers were reduced by 47%, (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.014) and total tissue histamine content by 52% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.006). Codeine\u2010induced histamine release was reduced by 44% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.022). The weal, but not the flare, induced by histamine was significantly inhibited (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.019). Echography revealed a 15% thinning of the skin by clobetasol.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>These results demonstrate that reduction of the weal and flare responses to codeine following clobetasol treatment, results primarily from reduced mast cell numbers and tissue histamine content rather than inhibition by corticosteroids of mast cell degranulation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>British Journal of Pharmacology<\/jats:italic> (2001) <jats:bold>132<\/jats:bold>, 286\u2013292; doi:<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" xlink:href=\"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0703789\">10.1038\/sj.bjp.0703789<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0703789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,28]],"date-time":"2005-01-28T21:06:00Z","timestamp":1106946360000},"page":"286-292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Inhibition by glucocorticoids of the mast cell\u2010dependent weal and flare response in human skin <i>in vivo<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"132","author":[{"given":"Zo\u00eb A","family":"Cole","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geraldine F","family":"Clough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin K","family":"Church","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(87)90153-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(05)80099-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0940557"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199704103361506"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(71)90080-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(96)70133-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1972.tb06848.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1999.0549v.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1998.02217.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/140.4.951"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.6.2681"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.129.3.1212","article-title":"Biochemical analysis of glucocorticoid\u2010induced inhibition of IgE\u2010mediated histamine release from mouse mast cells","volume":"129","author":"DAERON M.","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. 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