{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T10:50:11Z","timestamp":1790247011846,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,29]],"date-time":"2009-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2769,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"explicit-label\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The effect of chronic granulomatous inflammation of the intestine was studied on the prejunctional modulation of cholinergic nerve activity in the mouse ileum.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Contractions to carbachol (0.01\u20130.3\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) and to electrical field stimulation (EFS, 0.25\u20138\u2003Hz) of enteric neurons were higher in inflamed ileum as compared to control ileum. However, when the neurally\u2010mediated contractions to EFS were expressed as percentage of the direct smooth muscle contraction to carbachol, the responses to EFS were similar in control and inflamed ileum.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Atropine (1\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) abolished all contractions to EFS and carbachol in control and inflamed ileum. DMPP (3\u201330\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>), a nicotinic receptor agonist, induced concentration\u2010dependent contractions that were more pronounced in inflamed ileum as compared to control ileum. Hexamethonium (100\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>), a nicotinic receptor blocker, significantly inhibited the contractions to EFS in inflamed ileum but not in control ileum.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>In control ileum, histamine (10\u2013100\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) and the histamine H<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> receptor agonist HTMT (3\u201310\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) inhibited the contractions to EFS concentration\u2010dependently without affecting the contractions to carbachol. The inhibitory effect of histamine and HTMT was prevented by the histamine H<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> antagonist mepyramine (5\u201310\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) but not by the H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010 and H<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\u2010receptor antagonists cimetidine and thioperamide (both 10\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>). In chronically inflamed ileum however, histamine (10\u2013100\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) and HTMT (3\u201310\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) failed to inhibit the contractions to EFS. The histamine H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and H<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> receptor agonists dimaprit and R(\u2212)\u2010\u03b1\u2010methylhistamine did not affect the contractions to EFS in control and inflamed ileum.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The \u03b1<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010receptor agonist UK 14.304 (0.01\u20130.1\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) inhibited the contractions to EFS in control and inflamed ileum without affecting the contractions to carbachol. The effect of UK 14.304 was reversed by the \u03b1<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010receptor antagonist yohimbine (1\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>). The inhibitory effect of UK 14.304 on contractions to EFS was of similar potency in control and inflamed ileum.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Our results suggest that the prejunctional modulation of cholinergic nerve activity by nicotinic and histaminic H<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> receptors is disturbed during chronic intestinal inflammation whereas the modulation by \u03b1<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010receptors is preserved. Such a disturbance of cholinergic nerve activity may contribute to the motility disturbances that are often observed during chronic intestinal diseases in humans.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>British Journal of Pharmacology<\/jats:italic> (2001) <jats:bold>133<\/jats:bold>, 695\u2013707; doi:<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" xlink:href=\"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0704115\">10.1038\/sj.bjp.0704115<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0704115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,28]],"date-time":"2005-01-28T21:31:17Z","timestamp":1106947877000},"page":"695-707","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Disturbance of the prejunctional modulation of cholinergic neurotransmission during chronic granulomatous inflammation of the mouse ileum"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Joris G","family":"De Man","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom G","family":"Moreels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedicte Y","family":"De Winter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes J","family":"Bogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric A","family":"Van Marck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnold G","family":"Herman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul A","family":"Pelckmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1985.tb08871.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-3623(84)90080-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2982.2000.00219.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"211","volume-title":"Physiology of the Gastrointestinal tract","author":"BURKS T.M.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(96)70034-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"G898","article-title":"Impaired acetylcholine release from the myenteric plexus of Trichinella\u2010infected rats","volume":"257","author":"COLLINS S.M.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am. 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