{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T16:18:30Z","timestamp":1762100310085},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,29]],"date-time":"2009-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2738,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"explicit-label\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The mechanism of trypsin\u2010induced contraction in the rat myometrium was investigated using front\u2010surface fluorimetry on fura\u2010PE3\u2010loaded strips. The expression of protease\u2010activated receptors (PARs) in the rat myometrium was determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT\u2013PCR).<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>In non\u2010pregnant rats, 10\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc> trypsin developed a force of up to 30.5\u00b15.1% of that obtained during the 40\u2003m<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc> K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\u2010depolarization\u2010induced contraction. In pregnant rats, the maximal level of the cytosolic Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> concentration and tension obtained with 3\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc> trypsin was 143.2\u00b16.0% and 63.2\u00b17.9%, respectively. The depletion of the extracellular Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> abolished the trypsin\u2010induced contraction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Trypsin\u2010induced contraction was abolished by the pre\u2010treatment of a serine protease inhibitor. PAR1\u2010activating peptide (PAR1\u2010AP) caused a potent contraction of the myometrium, while neither PAR2\u2010AP nor PAR4\u2010AP induced any contraction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>RT\u2013PCR analysis detected the expression of PAR1 mRNA. However, neither PAR2 nor PAR4 mRNA was detected in the rat myometrium.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Once the strips were stimulated with thrombin, the subsequent application of thrombin failed to induce any contraction, while trypsin induced a contraction similar to that observed without the pre\u2010stimulation with thrombin. Once the strip was stimulated with trypsin, neither trypsin nor thrombin induced any contraction. The response to PAR1\u2010AP remained after the pre\u2010stimulation with thrombin and trypsin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>In conclusion, PAR1 was the only known receptor for trypsin expressed in the rat myometrium, but it was suggested to be cleaved and inactivated by trypsin. Trypsin was thus suggested to contract the rat myometrium <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> a novel type of PAR, which might be upregulated during pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>British Journal of Pharmacology<\/jats:italic> (2001) <jats:bold>133<\/jats:bold>, 1276\u20131285; doi:<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" xlink:href=\"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0704206\">10.1038\/sj.bjp.0704206<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0704206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,28]],"date-time":"2005-01-28T21:58:51Z","timestamp":1106949531000},"page":"1276-1285","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Mechanism of trypsin\u2010induced contraction in the rat myometrium: the possible involvement of a novel member of protease\u2010activated receptor"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Yoshinobu","family":"Shintani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katsuya","family":"Hirano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tetsuzo","family":"Nakayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junji","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hitoo","family":"Nakano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hideo","family":"Kanaide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/y95-172"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3200939"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.36.22003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3141009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0143-4160(98)90096-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.78.10.6154"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(87)90021-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/18223"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-6147(99)01440-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70180-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1998.274.6.C1429"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.82.12.1306"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/386502a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)42230-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/29325"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"269","volume-title":"Methods in Molecular Biology","author":"KANAIDE H.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(76)90269-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Proteolysis of the exodomain of recombinant protease\u2010activated receptors: Prediction of receptor activation or inactivation by MALDI mass spectrometry","volume":"1","author":"LOEW D.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(99)00840-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00708a012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.20.9208"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.23.1_Suppl.I250"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","first-page":"470","article-title":"Kinins contribute to the contractile effects of rat glandular kallikrein on the isolated rat uterus","volume":"249","author":"ORCE G.G.","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. 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