{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T22:23:15Z","timestamp":1771626195407,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,29]],"date-time":"2009-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2677,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"explicit-label\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The roles of the endothelium\u2010derived nitric oxide, prostacyclin and endothelium\u2010derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) in mediating vasodilator responses to acetylcholine and bradykinin were assessed in the ciliary vascular bed of the bovine isolated perfused eye preparation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Vasodilatation to acetylcholine or bradykinin was unaffected by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, <jats:sc>L<\/jats:sc>\u2010NAME (100\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>), or the cyclo\u2010oxygenase inhibitor, flurbiprofen (30\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>), but was virtually abolished following treatment with a high concentration of KCl (30\u2003m<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>), or by damaging the endothelium with the detergent, CHAPS (0.3%, 2\u2003min).<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Acetylcholine\u2010induced vasodilatation was unaffected by glibenclamide (10\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>), an inhibitor of ATP\u2010sensitive K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> channels (K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><jats:sub>ATP<\/jats:sub>), but was significantly attenuated by TEA (10\u2003m<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>), a non\u2010selective inhibitor of K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> channels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The small conductance calcium\u2010sensitive K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> channel (SK<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><jats:sub>Ca<\/jats:sub>) inhibitor, apamin (100\u2003n<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>), and the large conductance calcium\u2010sensitive K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> channel (BK<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><jats:sub>Ca<\/jats:sub>) inhibitor, iberiotoxin (50\u2003n<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>), had no significant effect on acetylcholine\u2010induced vasodilatation. In contrast, the intermediate (IK<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><jats:sub>Ca<\/jats:sub>)\/large conductance calcium\u2010sensitive K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> channel inhibitor, charybdotoxin (50\u2003n<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>), powerfully blocked these vasodilator responses, and uncovered a vasoconstrictor response.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The combination of apamin (100\u2003n<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) with a sub\u2010threshold concentration of charybdotoxin (10\u2003n<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) significantly attenuated acetylcholine\u2010induced vasodilatation, but the combination of apamin (100\u2003n<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) with iberiotoxin (50\u2003n<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) had no effect.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>In conclusion, blockade by a high concentration of KCl, by charybdotoxin, or by the combination of apamin with a sub\u2010threshold concentration of charybdotoxin, strongly suggests that vasodilatation in the bovine isolated perfused eye is mediated by an EDHF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>British Journal of Pharmacology<\/jats:italic> (2001) <jats:bold>134<\/jats:bold>, 912\u2013920; doi:<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" xlink:href=\"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0704332\">10.1038\/sj.bjp.0704332<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0704332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,28]],"date-time":"2005-01-28T22:04:01Z","timestamp":1106949841000},"page":"912-920","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Dominant role of an endothelium\u2010derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF)\u2010like vasodilator in the ciliary vascular bed of the bovine isolated perfused eye"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Alister J","family":"McNeish","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William S","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-199303000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0703226"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1994.tb17172.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4835(91)90059-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"32","article-title":"Histamine induces endothelium\u2010dependent relaxation of bovine retinal arteries","volume":"32","author":"BENEDITO S.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Invest. 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