{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T06:04:36Z","timestamp":1791266676987,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,2]],"date-time":"2009-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2285,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Urotensin\u2010II (U\u2010II), a peptide isolated from the urophysis of teleost fish 35 years ago, is the endogenous ligand of the mammalian orphan receptor GPR14\/SENR. Recently, human homologues of both the receptor (UT\u2010II) and the peptide (hU\u2010II) have been discovered. Following de\u2010orphanization, hU\u2010II was declared the \u2018new endothelin\u2019 as initial studies suggested similarities between the peptides, and in isolated arteries of cynomolgus monkey U\u2010II was a more potent constrictor than endothelin\u20101 (ET\u20101), with equal efficacy. However, effects of U\u2010II in vascular tissue from other mammalian species are variable and although potent, U\u2010II exhibits a lesser maximal response than ET\u20101. In contrast, in humans U\u2010II has emerged as a ubiquitious constrictor of both arteries and veins <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and elicits a reduction in blood flow in the forearm and skin microcirculation <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. In addition to direct vasoconstrictor activity on smooth muscle receptors, endothelium\u2010dependent U\u2010II\u2010mediated vasodilatation has also been observed. Non\u2010vascular, peripheral actions of U\u2010II include potent inotropy and airway smooth muscle constriction and U\u2010II and its receptor are present throughout rat brain implying a possible neurotransmitter or neuromodulatory role in the central nervous system. U\u2010II is proposed to contribute to human diseases including atherosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy, pulmonary hypertension and tumour growth. The development of selective receptor antagonists should help to clarify the relative importance of hU\u2010II as a multifunctional peptide in mammalian systems and its role in disease. What is clear is that U\u2010II is emerging as a new and potentially important mammalian transmitter.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>British Journal of Pharmacology<\/jats:italic> (2002) <jats:bold>137<\/jats:bold>, 579\u2013588. doi:<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" xlink:href=\"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0704924\">10.1038\/sj.bjp.0704924<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0704924","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,15]],"date-time":"2002-10-15T19:42:22Z","timestamp":1034710942000},"page":"579-588","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":107,"title":["Is urotensin\u2010II the new endothelin?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"137","author":[{"given":"Janet J","family":"Maguire","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony P","family":"Davenport","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/45809"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/bjoc.2001.2193"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.79.4.794"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_5_1","first-page":"533","article-title":"Neurohormones from fish tails: the caudal neurosecretory system. 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