{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T22:39:25Z","timestamp":1789166365107,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,30]],"date-time":"2009-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2009,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"explicit-label\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>In this study, we examined the effects of crude venom from the spider <jats:italic>Parawixia bistriata<\/jats:italic> on glutamate and GABA uptake into synaptosomes prepared from rat cerebral cortex. Addition of venom to cortical synaptosomes stimulated glutamate uptake and inhibited GABA uptake in a concentration\u2010dependent manner.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The venom was fractionated using reverse\u2010phase high\u2010performance liquid chromatography on a preparative column. The fraction that retained glutamate uptake\u2010stimulating activity was further purified on a reverse\u2010phase analytical column followed by ion\u2010exchange chromatography.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The active fraction, referred to as PbTx1.2.3, stimulated glutamate uptake in synaptosomes without changing the <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>M<\/jats:sub> value, and did not affect GABA uptake. Additional experiments showed that the enhancement of glutamate uptake by PbTx1.2.3 occurs when ionotropic glutamate receptors or voltage\u2010gated sodium and calcium channels are completely inhibited or when GABA receptors and potassium channels are activated, indicating that the compound may have a direct action on the transporters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>In an experimental model for glaucoma in which rat retinas are subjected to ischemia followed by reperfusion, PbTx1.2.3 protected neurons from excitotoxic death in both outer and inner nuclear layers, and ganglion cell layers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>This active spider venom component may serve as a basis for designing therapeutic drugs that increase glutamate clearance and limit neurodegeneration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>British Journal of Pharmacology<\/jats:italic> (2003) <jats:bold>139<\/jats:bold>, 1297\u20131309. doi:<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" xlink:href=\"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0705352\">10.1038\/sj.bjp.0705352<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0705352","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,30]],"date-time":"2003-07-30T15:17:24Z","timestamp":1059578244000},"page":"1297-1309","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Purification of a neuroprotective component of <i>Parawixia bistriata<\/i> spider venom that enhances glutamate uptake"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"139","author":[{"given":"Andr\u00e9ia Cristina Karklin","family":"Fontana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renato","family":"Guizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00ea de Oliveira","family":"Beleboni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio Renato","family":"Meirelles e Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norberto Cysne","family":"Coimbra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan G","family":"Amara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wagner Ferreira dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joaquim","family":"Coutinho\u2010Netto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-0186(02)00018-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"764","article-title":"Structure\u2010activity relationships of philanthotoxin analogs and polyamines on N\u2010methyl\u2010D\u2010aspartate and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors","volume":"254","author":"ANIS N.","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. 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