{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T20:31:08Z","timestamp":1790195468079,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,2]],"date-time":"2009-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1920,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"explicit-label\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Although barbiturates, like other general anaesthetics, depress excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system (CNS), the underlying cellular mechanisms remain unresolved. They may increase the likelihood that an action potential will fail to invade every branch of the axonal arbour, thereby decreasing the synaptic drive to the postsynaptic neurons. Alternatively, they may inhibit calcium entry into the presynaptic terminals, thus reducing transmitter release.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>To resolve these issues, we have used two\u2010photon microscopy to monitor calcium transients evoked by action potentials in axons, axonal varicosities (synaptic boutons) and fine axon collaterals of hippocampal CA1 neurons.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Pentobarbitone (75\u2013300 <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic><jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) did not block the invasion of the axonal arbour or the synaptic boutons, but it did reduce the amplitude of the calcium transients recorded from the axons in a concentration\u2010dependent manner. At 150 <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic><jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>, pentobarbitone reduced the transients to 78\u00b14% of the control.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Pentobarbitone depressed the calcium transients recorded from the synaptic boutons in a concentration\u2010dependent manner. When 150 <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic><jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc> pentobarbitone was applied, the calcium transients recorded from the boutons were 53\u00b13% of the control. This concentration of pentobarbitone also reduced the amplitude and frequency of the spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic potentials to 54\u00b14 and 42\u00b117% of the control, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The local anaesthetic procaine (500 <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic><jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) had no significant effect on action potential invasion of axon collaterals, even though it reduced the action potential amplitude by 25%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>This data are consistent with the notion that the pentobarbitone\u2010induced depression of presynaptic calcium transients contributes to its depressant effect on excitatory synaptic transmission in the CNS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>British Journal of Pharmacology<\/jats:italic> (2003) <jats:bold>140<\/jats:bold>, 971\u2013979. doi:<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" xlink:href=\"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0705519\">10.1038\/sj.bjp.0705519<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0705519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,29]],"date-time":"2003-10-29T21:07:59Z","timestamp":1067461679000},"page":"971-979","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Pentobarbitone modulates calcium transients in axons and synaptic boutons of hippocampal CA1 neurons"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"140","author":[{"given":"Sylvie","family":"Baudoux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth M","family":"Empson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher D","family":"Richards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","article-title":"Action potential propagation in the hippocampus and its modulation by general anesthetics studied by two photon microscopy","author":"BAUDOUX S.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Society for Neuroscience 31st Annual Meeting, San Diego, California"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1986.tb08019.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"369","article-title":"Barbiturate inhibition of calcium uptake by depolarized nerve terminals in vitro","volume":"11","author":"BLAUSTEIN M.P.","year":"1975","journal-title":"Mol. 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