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P2X receptors are multimeric ATP\u2010gated cation channels expressed by neuronal and non\u2010neuronal cells. Sensory nerve endings in the gastrointestinal tract express P2X receptors. ATP released from gastrointestinal cells activates P2X receptors on sensory nerve endings to stimulate motor reflexes and to transmit nociceptive signals. Antagonists acting at P2X receptors on sensory nerves could attenuate abdominal pain in IBS patients. Primary afferent neurons intrinsic to the gut, and enteric motor\u2010 and interneurons express P2X receptors. These neurons participate in motor reflexes. Agonists acting at enteric P2X receptors may enhance gastrointestinal propulsion and secretion, and these drugs could be useful for treating constipation\u2010predominant IBS. Antagonists acting at enteric P2X receptors would decrease propulsion and secretion and they might be useful for treating diarrhea\u2010predominant IBS. Current knowledge of P2X receptor distribution and function in the gut of laboratory animals provides a rational basis for further exploration of the therapeutic potential for drugs acting at P2X receptors in IBS patients. However, more information about P2X receptor distribution and function in the human gastrointestinal tract is needed. Data on the distribution and function of P2X receptors on gastrointestinal immune cells would also provide insights into the therapeutic potential of P2X receptor agents in IBS.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>British Journal of Pharmacology<\/jats:italic> (2004) <jats:bold>141<\/jats:bold>, 1294\u20131302. doi:<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" xlink:href=\"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0705761\">10.1038\/sj.bjp.0705761<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0705761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,20]],"date-time":"2004-04-20T20:38:47Z","timestamp":1082493527000},"page":"1294-1302","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Enteric P2X receptors as potential targets for drug treatment of the irritable bowel syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"141","author":[{"given":"James J","family":"Galligan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1998.671ba.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1996.tb16070.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00054.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-12-04767.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2000.00551.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2003.00309.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4892(02)00211-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(77)90066-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-02-00737.1999","article-title":"ATP stimulates sympathetic transmitter release via presynaptic P2X receptors","volume":"19","author":"BOEHM S.","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. 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