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Thyrotropin\u2010releasing hormone, TRH, which has a chemical structure similar to nootropics increases cerebellar uptake of glucose in murine rolling ataxia. This paper shows that nootropic drugs like piracetam (2\u2010oxo 1 pyrrolidine acetamide) and levetiracetam and neuropeptides like TRH antagonise the inhibition of glucose transport by barbiturates, diazepam, melatonin and endogenous neuropeptide galanin in human erythrocytes <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The potencies of nootropic drugs in opposing scopolamine\u2010induced memory loss correlate with their potencies in antagonising pentobarbital inhibition of erythrocyte glucose transport <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.01). Less potent nootropics, <jats:sc>D<\/jats:sc>\u2010levetiracetam and <jats:sc>D<\/jats:sc>\u2010pyroglutamate, have higher antagonist <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>'s against pentobarbital inhibition of glucose transport than more potent <jats:sc>L<\/jats:sc>\u2010stereoisomers (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Piracetam and TRH have no direct effects on net glucose transport, but competitively antagonise hypnotic drug inhibition of glucose transport. Other nootropics, like aniracetam and levetiracetam, while antagonising pentobarbital action, also inhibit glucose transport. Analeptics like bemigride and methamphetamine are more potent inhibitors of glucose transport than antagonists of hypnotic action on glucose transport.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>There are similarities between amino\u2010acid sequences in human glucose transport protein isoform 1 (GLUT1) and the benzodiazepine\u2010binding domains of GABA<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub> (gamma amino butyric acid) receptor subunits. Mapped on a 3D template of GLUT1, these homologies suggest that the site of diazepam and piracetam interaction is a pocket outside the central hydrophilic pore region.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Nootropic pyrrolidone antagonism of hypnotic drug inhibition of glucose transport <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> may be an analogue of TRH antagonism of galanin\u2010induced narcosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>British Journal of Pharmacology<\/jats:italic> (2004) <jats:bold>142<\/jats:bold>, 594\u2013608. doi:<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" xlink:href=\"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0705798\">10.1038\/sj.bjp.0705798<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0705798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,3]],"date-time":"2004-06-03T19:29:52Z","timestamp":1086290992000},"page":"594-608","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Piracetam and TRH analogues antagonise inhibition by barbiturates, diazepam, melatonin and galanin of human erythrocyte <scp>D<\/scp>\u2010glucose transport"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"142","author":[{"given":"Richard J","family":"Naftalin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Cunningham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iram","family":"Afzal\u2010Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1059-1311(02)00292-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M104318200"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj20011624"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0531-5565(96)00159-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(93)90846-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-0102(99)00056-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(18)30939-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.1998.00084.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0404.2000.00302.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"R332","article-title":"Effects of melatonin on 2\u2010deoxy\u2010[1\u201014C]glucose uptake within rat suprachiasmatic nucleus","volume":"255","author":"CASSONE V.M.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am. 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