{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T12:55:56Z","timestamp":1786366556306,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,29]],"date-time":"2009-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1458,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"explicit-label\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>3IA (6\u2010(4\u2010pyridyl)\u20105\u2010(4\u2010methoxyphenyl)\u20103\u2010carbomethoxy\u20101\u2010methyl\u20101<jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\u2010pyridin\u20102\u2010one) is a pyridone with higher binding and functional affinity and greater inverse agonist efficacy for GABA<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub> receptors containing an <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>3 rather than an <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>1, <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>2 or <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>5 subunit. If doses are selected that minimise the occupancy at these latter subtypes, then the <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> effects of <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>3IA are most probably mediated by the <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>3 subtype.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>3IA has good CNS penetration in rats and mice as measured using a [<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H]Ro 15\u20101788 <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> binding assay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>At doses in rats that produce relatively low levels of occupancy (12%) in the cerebellum (i.e. <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>1\u2010containing receptors), <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>3IA (30\u2003mg\u2003kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> i.p.), like the nonselective partial inverse agonist <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010methyl\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010carboline\u20103\u2010carboxamide (FG 7142), not only caused behavioural disruption in an operant, chain\u2010pulling assay but was also anxiogenic in the elevated plus maze, an anxiogenic\u2010like effect that could be blocked with the benzodiazepine antagonist Ro 15\u20101788 (flumazenil).<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Neurochemically, <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>3IA (30\u2003mg\u2003kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> i.p.) as well as FG 7142 (15\u2003mg\u2003kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> i.p.) increased the concentration of the dopamine metabolite 3,4\u2010dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in rat medial prefrontal cortex by 74 and 68%, respectively, relative to vehicle\u2010treated animals, a response that mimicked that seen following immobilisation stress.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Taken together, these data demonstrate that an inverse agonist selective for GABA<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub> receptors containing an <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>3 subunit is anxiogenic, and suggest that since <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>3\u2010containing GABA<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub> receptors play a role in anxiety, then agonists selective for this subtype should be anxiolytic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>British Journal of Pharmacology<\/jats:italic> (2005) <jats:bold>144<\/jats:bold>, 357\u2013366. doi:<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" xlink:href=\"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706056\">10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706056<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,17]],"date-time":"2005-01-17T18:25:43Z","timestamp":1105986343000},"page":"357-366","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":116,"title":["Anxiogenic properties of an inverse agonist selective for <i>\u03b1<\/i>3 subunit\u2010containing GABA<sub>A<\/sub> receptors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"John R","family":"Atack","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter H","family":"Hutson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Collinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham","family":"Bentley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Moyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan 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