{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T19:55:37Z","timestamp":1773086137981,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,29]],"date-time":"2009-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1458,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"explicit-label\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The effects of the main component of the <jats:italic>Tityus serrulatus<\/jats:italic> scorpion venom, toxin TsTX\u2010I, were studied on the contractility and release of neurotransmitters in the rat vas deferens. Since TsTX\u2010I is known to act on sodium channels, we used veratridine, another sodium channel agent, for comparison.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Toxin TsTX\u2010I induced concentration\u2010dependent contractions with an EC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> value of 47.8\u00b10.1\u2003n<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc> and a maximum effect of 84.4\u00b110.4% of that for BaCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Contractions by TsTX\u2010I were abolished by denervation or tetrodotoxin (0.1\u2003<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic><jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>), showing that the toxin effects depend on the integrity of sympathetic nerve terminals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>To check for the presence of a noradrenergic component, experiments were conducted after removal of adrenergic stores in nerve terminals by reserpinization (10\u2003mg\u2003kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, 24\u2003h prior to experiments) or blockade of <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> adrenoceptors by prazosin (30\u2003<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic><jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>), showing that these procedures did not modify the response to TsTX\u2010I, and therefore that adrenoceptors were not involved in contractions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>To check for the presence of a purinergic component, experiments were carried out after blockade of P<jats:sub>2X<\/jats:sub> receptors by suramin (0.1\u2003m<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) or desensitization by <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010methylene\u2010ATP (30\u2003<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic><jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>). These agents greatly abolished the contractile response to TsTX\u2010I (about 83% by desensitization and 96% by suramin), showing the involvement of purinergic receptors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The release of noradrenaline and purinergic agents (ATP, ADP, AMP and adenosine) was detected by HPLC. Together, the total release of purines in the presence of TsTX\u2010I was about 42 times higher than in the control group. In contrast, TsTX\u2010I did not modify the overflow of noradrenaline, showing that the release was selective for purines.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The release of purinergic agents was reduced by the N\u2010type calcium channel blocker \u03c9\u2010conotoxin GVIA (1\u2003<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic><jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) and by the P\/Q\u2010type blocker \u03c9\u2010conotoxin MVIIC (1\u2003<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic><jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>), showing that the effects of TsTX\u2010I are calcium\u2010dependent.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The results show that TsTX\u2010I produced a selective release of purines from postganglionic sympathetic nerves in the rat vas deferens.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>British Journal of Pharmacology<\/jats:italic> (2005) <jats:bold>144<\/jats:bold>, 519\u2013527. doi:<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" xlink:href=\"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706062\">10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706062<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,27]],"date-time":"2005-01-27T16:01:08Z","timestamp":1106841668000},"page":"519-527","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Selective release of ATP from sympathetic nerves of rat vas deferens by the toxin TsTX\u2010I from Brazilian scorpion <i>Tityus serrulatus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"Isaltino M","family":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aron","family":"Jurkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniela R","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea R","family":"Opperman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thalma A","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivo","family":"Lebrun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L\u00facia","family":"Garcez\u2010do\u2010Carmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00581639"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12553","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)33546-4","article-title":"Tityus serrulatus venom contains two classes of toxins. 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