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They mediate pre\u2010junctional inhibition of neurotransmitter release and also a weak contractile effect in the urethra of some species, but not humans. Their overall post\u2010junctional function in the lower urinary tract remains largely unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p>\u03b2\u2010Adrenoceptors mediate relaxation of smooth muscle in the bladder, urethra and prostate. The available tools have limited the unequivocal identification of receptor subtypes at the protein and functional levels, but it appears that the \u03b2<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\u2010 and \u03b2<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010subtypes are important in the human bladder and urethra, respectively. \u03b2<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\u2010Adrenoceptor agonists are promising drug candidates for the treatment of the overactive bladder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p>We propose that the overall function of adrenoceptors in the lower urinary tract is to promote urinary continence. Further elucidation of the functional roles of their subtypes will help a better understanding of voiding dysfunction and its treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><\/jats:list><\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>British Journal of Pharmacology<\/jats:italic>(2006)<jats:bold>147<\/jats:bold>, S88\u2013S119. doi:<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" xlink:href=\"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706619\">10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706619<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706619","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,8]],"date-time":"2006-02-08T05:01:40Z","timestamp":1139374900000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":370,"title":["\u03b1<sub>1<\/sub>\u2010, \u03b1<sub>2<\/sub>\u2010 and \u03b2\u2010adrenoceptors in the urinary bladder, urethra and prostate"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"147","author":[{"given":"Martin C.","family":"Michel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wim","family":"Vrydag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.10052"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"256","article-title":"European pressure\u2010flow investigation of tamsulosin in men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) \u2013 ESPRIT study","volume":"159","author":"ABRAMS P.","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. 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