{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T11:37:08Z","timestamp":1788349028483,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,29]],"date-time":"2009-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":973,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"explicit-label\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The signal transduction pathways involved in carbachol (CCh)\u2010induced calcium sensitization in <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010escin permeabilized rat and guinea\u2010pig bladder smooth muscles were investigated and the results were compared with guinea\u2010pig taenia caecum.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Calcium contractions elicited cumulatively (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>Ca 7.5\u20135) in the presence of calmodulin were significantly increased in all three tissues when CCh (50\u2003<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic><jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) was added to the medium.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Under constant [Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub> conditions (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>Ca 6), calmodulin (1\u2003<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic><jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) and then GTP (100\u2003<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic><jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) initiated significant contractions. CCh (50\u2003<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic><jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) added to the bath caused a further contraction in all three tissues \u2013 calcium sensitization. This sensitization was significantly inhibited by atropine (50\u2003<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic><jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The incubation of the tissues with the IP<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\u2010receptor blocker 2\u2010APB (30\u2003<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic><jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) reduced the subsequent development of calcium sensitization by CCh in rat bladder but did not affect it in guinea\u2010pig bladder and taenia ceacum.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The Rho kinase (ROK) inhibitor Y\u201027632 (5\u2003<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic><jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) added in the presence of CCh reversed the calcium sensitization in rat bladder, whereas a transient contraction followed by a relaxation to a level not significantly different from the CCh contraction was seen in both guinea\u2010pig bladder and taenia caecum. Y\u201027632 (1\u2003<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic><jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) continuously present significantly inhibited the CCh\u2010induced Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> sensitization in rat bladder but not in guinea\u2010pig bladder or taenia caecum.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>In the presence of cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) (1\u2003<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic><jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) and calmodulin (1\u2003<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic><jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>), Y\u201027632 (5\u2003<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic><jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) did not change the calcium response curve (3 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22127<\/jats:sup>\u201310<jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup>\u2003<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) in rat bladder but increased the contractile responses significantly in both guinea\u2010pig bladder and taenia caecum.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor GF 109203X (5\u2003<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic><jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) added in the presence of CCh inhibited the calcium sensitization induced by this muscarinic agonist in all three tissues in different ratios.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>In conclusion, muscarinic receptor activation induces calcium sensitization in rat and guinea\u2010pig detrusor smooth muscles but there are differences in their pathways.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>British Journal of Pharmacology<\/jats:italic> (2006) <jats:bold>148<\/jats:bold>, 376\u2013384. doi:<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" xlink:href=\"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706723\">10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706723<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,27]],"date-time":"2006-03-27T07:47:07Z","timestamp":1143445627000},"page":"376-384","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Involvement of Rho kinase and protein kinase C in carbachol\u2010induced calcium sensitization in <i>\u03b2<\/i>\u2010escin skinned rat and guinea\u2010pig bladders"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"148","author":[{"given":"N Tugba","family":"Durlu\u2010Kandilci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison F","family":"Brading","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C1723","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1993.265.6.C1723","article-title":"Muscarinic inhibition of ATP\u2010sensitive K+ channels by protein kinase C in urinary bladder smooth muscle","volume":"265","author":"BONEV A.D.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. 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