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In stage 2 they invade the central nervous system and brain provoking progressive neurological dysfunction leading to symptoms that include the disrupted sleep wake patterns that give HAT its more common name of sleeping sickness. Targeting drugs to the central nervous system offers many challenges. However, it is the cost of drug development for diseases like HAT, that afflict exclusively people of the world's poorest populations, that has been the principal barrier to new drug development and has led to them becoming neglected. Here we review drugs currently registered for HAT, and also discuss the few compounds progressing through clinical trials. Finally we report on new initiatives that might allow progress to be made in developing new and satisfactory drugs for this terrible disease.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>British Journal of Pharmacology<\/jats:italic>(2007)<jats:bold>152<\/jats:bold>, 1155\u20131171; doi:<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" xlink:href=\"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0707354\">10.1038\/sj.bjp.0707354<\/jats:ext-link>; published online 9 July 2007<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0707354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,9]],"date-time":"2007-07-09T08:46:18Z","timestamp":1183970778000},"page":"1155-1171","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":262,"title":["Human African trypanosomiasis: pharmacological re\u2010engagement with a neglected disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"152","author":[{"given":"M P","family":"Barrett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D W","family":"Boykin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Brun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R R","family":"Tidwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(00)01828-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"Anonymous(2006).Human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness): epidemiological update.Wkly Epidemiol Rec81:71\u201380."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm030604o"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00498250500087671"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"684","volume-title":"The African Trypanosomiases","author":"Apted FIC","year":"1970"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(95)90098-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(93)90524-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6775372"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-706X(93)90095-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.06.031955"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm050177"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)00416-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-200012000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)05817-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","unstructured":"BarrettMP(2003).Drug resistance in sleeping sickness. 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