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This role is mediated primarily through microglia, a resident population of cells in the CNS that is morphologically, phenotypically, and functionally related to macrophages. These cells also express the cannabinoid receptor CB<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>. The CB<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>receptor (CB1R) is constitutively expressed at low levels while the CB<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>receptor (CB2R) is expressed at higher levels and is modulated in relation to cell activation state. The relatively high levels of the CB2R correspond with microglia being in \u2018responsive\u2019 and \u2018primed\u2019 states, suggesting the existence of a \u2018window\u2019 of functional relevance during which activation of the CB2R modulates microglial activities. Signature activities of \u2018responsive\u2019 and \u2018primed\u2019 microglia are chemotaxis and antigen processing, respectively. The endocannabinoid 2\u2010arachidonylglycerol has been reported to stimulate a chemotactic response from these cells through the CB2R. In contrast, we have shown<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>that the exogenous cannabinoids delta\u20109\u2010tetrahydrocannabinol and CP55940 inhibit the chemotactic response of microglia to<jats:italic>Acanthamoeba culbertsoni<\/jats:italic>, an opportunistic pathogen that is the causative agent of Granulomatous Amoebic Encephalitis, through activation of the CB2R. It is postulated that these exogenous cannabinoids superimpose an inhibitory effect on pro\u2010chemotactic endocannabinoids that are elicited in response to<jats:italic>Acanthamoeba<\/jats:italic>. Furthermore, the collective results suggest that the CB2R plays a critical immune functional role in the CNS.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>British Journal of Pharmacology<\/jats:italic>(2008)<jats:bold>153<\/jats:bold>, 240\u2013251; doi:<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" xlink:href=\"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0707584\">10.1038\/sj.bjp.0707584<\/jats:ext-link>; published online 26 November 2007<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0707584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,26]],"date-time":"2007-11-26T11:19:22Z","timestamp":1196075962000},"page":"240-251","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":317,"title":["CB<sub>2<\/sub>receptors in the brain: role in central immune function"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"153","author":[{"given":"G A","family":"Cabral","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E 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