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The purpose of this study was to assess the reasons for these discrepancies and use a standardized approach to compare activators of NRs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Experimental approach:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dexamethasone, pregnenolone 16\u03b1\u2010carbonitrile, rifampicin, phenobarbital and chenodeoxycholic acid were incubated with HepG2, Caco\u20102 and cryopreserved human hepatocytes prior to analysis of mRNA and protein for CYP2B6, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, ABCB1, ABCC1, ABCC2, PXR, CAR and FXR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dexamethasone significantly up\u2010regulated PXR, CYP3A4 and ABCB1 expression in HepG2 and Caco\u20102 cells. As a result, including dexamethasone as a media supplement masked the induction of these genes by pregnenolone 16\u03b1\u2010carbonitrile, which may explain discrepancies between previous reports. In the absence of dexamethasone, significant activator\u2010dependent induction was observed in all cell types. Significant correlations were observed between the fold increase in mRNA and in protein, which were, for most instances, logarithmic. Changes in mRNA expression were greater in cell lines than primary cells but for most transcripts correlations were observed between fold increases in HepG2 and hepatocytes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and implications:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Clearly, no\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      system can imitate the physiology of a hepatocyte or intestinal cell within an intact organ\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      , but these data explain some of the discrepancies reported between laboratories and have important implications for study design.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>British Journal of Pharmacology<\/jats:italic>\n                      (2008)\n                      <jats:bold>153<\/jats:bold>\n                      , 805\u2013819; doi:\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" xlink:href=\"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0707601\">10.1038\/sj.bjp.0707601<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      ; published online 26 November 2007\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0707601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,26]],"date-time":"2007-11-26T06:19:22Z","timestamp":1196057962000},"page":"805-819","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":99,"title":["Comparison of the induction profile for drug disposition proteins by typical nuclear receptor activators in human hepatic and intestinal 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