{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T17:26:53Z","timestamp":1791307613591,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,10]],"date-time":"2004-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1102636800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cell Death Differ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,2]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4401545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,10]],"date-time":"2004-12-10T08:34:30Z","timestamp":1102667670000},"page":"162-176","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":345,"title":["The influence of age on apoptotic and other mechanisms of cell death after cerebral hypoxia\u2013ischemia"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"C","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"X","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B A","family":"Bahr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Shibata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y","family":"Uchiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Hagberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Blomgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"BF4401545_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-200009000-00003","volume":"20","author":"BR Hu","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hu BR, Liu CL, Ouyang Y, Blomgren K and Siesjo BK (2000) Involvement of caspase-3 in cell death after hypoxia\u2013ischemia declines during brain maturation. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 20: 1294\u20131300","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2003.01629.x","volume":"84","author":"AA Romero","year":"2003","unstructured":"Romero AA, Gross SR, Cheng KY, Goldsmith NK and Geller HM (2003) An age-related increase in resistance to DNA damage-induced apoptotic cell death is associated with development of DNA repair mechanisms. J. Neurochem. 84: 1275\u20131287","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-3806(97)00036-9","volume":"100","author":"J Towfighi","year":"1997","unstructured":"Towfighi J, Mauger D, Vannucci RC and Vannucci SJ (1997) Influence of age on the cerebral lesions in an immature rat model of cerebral hypoxia\u2013ischemia: a light microscopic study. Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res. 100: 149\u2013160","journal-title":"Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(96)00026-0","volume":"93","author":"JY Yager","year":"1996","unstructured":"Yager JY, Shuaib A and Thornhill J (1996) The effect of age on susceptibility to brain damage in a model of global hemispheric hypoxia\u2013ischemia. Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res. 93: 143\u2013154","journal-title":"Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.27.9.1663","volume":"27","author":"GR Sutherland","year":"1996","unstructured":"Sutherland GR, Dix GA and Auer RN (1996) Effect of age in rodent models of focal and forebrain ischemia. Stroke. 27: 1663\u20131667; discussion 1668","journal-title":"Stroke."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(97)00320-5","volume":"82","author":"MC Papadopoulos","year":"1998","unstructured":"Papadopoulos MC, Koumenis IL, Yuan TY and Giffard RG (1998) Increasing vulnerability of astrocytes to oxidative injury with age despite constant antioxidant defenses. Neuroscience. 82: 915\u2013925","journal-title":"Neuroscience."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410090206","volume":"9","author":"JE Rice III","year":"1981","unstructured":"Rice III JE, Vannucci RC and Brierley JB (1981) The influence of immaturity on hypoxic\u2013ischemic brain damage in the rat. Ann. Neurol. 9: 131\u2013141","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(88)90306-X","volume":"459","author":"JW McDonald","year":"1988","unstructured":"McDonald JW, Silverstein FS and Johnston MV (1988) Neurotoxicity of N-methyl-D-aspartate is markedly enhanced in developing rat central nervous system. Brain Res. 459: 200\u2013203","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2809","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.09-08-02809.1989","volume":"9","author":"C Ikonomidou","year":"1989","unstructured":"Ikonomidou C, Mosinger JL, Salles KS, Labruyere J and Olney JW (1989) Sensitivity of the developing rat brain to hypobaric\/ischemic damage parallels sensitivity to N-methyl-aspartate neurotoxicity. J. Neurosci. 9: 2809\u20132818","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1177\/088307389801300102","volume":"13","author":"PD Adelson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Adelson PD and Kochanek PM (1998) Head injury in children. J. Child Neurol. 13: 2\u201315","journal-title":"J. Child Neurol."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(98)00024-0","volume":"46","author":"LJ Martin","year":"1998","unstructured":"Martin LJ, Al-Abdulla NA, Brambrink AM, Kirsch JR, Sieber FE and Portera-Cailliau C (1998) Neurodegeneration in excitotoxicity, global cerebral ischemia, and target deprivation: a perspective on the contributions of apoptosis and necrosis. Brain Res. Bull. 46: 281\u2013309","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1006\/nbdi.2000.0371","volume":"8","author":"FJ Northington","year":"2001","unstructured":"Northington FJ, Ferriero DM, Graham EM, Traystman RJ and Martin LJ (2001) Early neurodegeneration after hypoxia\u2013ischemia in neonatal rat is necrosis while delayed neuronal death is apoptosis. Neurobiol. Dis. 8: 207\u2013219","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1602\/neurorx.1.1.5","volume":"1","author":"AG Yakovlev","year":"2004","unstructured":"Yakovlev AG and Faden AI (2004) Mechanisms of neural cell death: implications for development of neuroprotective treatment strategies. NeuroRx. 1: 5\u201316","journal-title":"NeuroRx."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.03.062","volume":"127","author":"CL Liu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Liu CL, Siesjo BK and Hu BR (2004) Pathogenesis of hippocampal neuronal death after hypoxia\u2013ischemia changes during brain development. Neuroscience 127: 113\u2013123","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"BF4401545_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8235590","volume":"262","author":"MC Raff","year":"1993","unstructured":"Raff MC, Barres BA, Burne JF, Coles HS, Ishizaki Y and Jacobson MD (1993) Programmed cell death and the control of cell survival: lessons from the nervous system. Science 262: 695\u2013700","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF4401545_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10191","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M007807200","volume":"276","author":"K Blomgren","year":"2001","unstructured":"Blomgren K, Zhu C, Wang X, Karlsson JO, Leverin AL, Bahr BA, Mallard C and Hagberg H (2001) Synergistic activation of caspase-3 by m-calpain after neonatal hypoxia\u2013ischemia: a mechanism of \u2018pathological apoptosis\u2019? J. Biol. Chem. 276: 10191\u201310198","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a003067","volume":"131","author":"K Ota","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ota K, Yakovlev AG, Itaya A, Kameoka M, Tanaka Y and Yoshihara K (2002) Alteration of apoptotic protease-activating factor-1 (APAF-1)-dependent apoptotic pathway during development of rat brain and liver. J. Biochem. (Tokyo). 131: 131\u2013135","journal-title":"J. Biochem. (Tokyo)."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.124.6.1239","volume":"124","author":"K Vekrellis","year":"1997","unstructured":"Vekrellis K, McCarthy MJ, Watson A, Whitfield J, Rubin LL and Ham J (1997) Bax promotes neuronal cell death and is downregulated during the development of the nervous system. Development 124: 1239\u20131249","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"BF4401545_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.120.2.301","volume":"120","author":"DE Merry","year":"1994","unstructured":"Merry DE, Veis DJ, Hickey WF and Korsmeyer SJ (1994) bcl-2 protein expression is widespread in the developing nervous system and retained in the adult PNS. Development 120: 301\u2013311","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"BF4401545_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1126\/science.283.5398.70","volume":"283","author":"C Ikonomidou","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ikonomidou C, Bosch F, Miksa M, Bittigau P, Vockler J, Dikranian K, Tenkova TI, Stefovska V, Turski L and Olney JW (1999) Blockade of NMDA receptors and apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing brain. Science 283: 70\u201374","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF4401545_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2000.0750819.x","volume":"75","author":"C Zhu","year":"2000","unstructured":"Zhu C, Wang X, Hagberg H and Blomgren K (2000) Correlation between caspase-3 activation and three different markers of DNA damage in neonatal cerebral hypoxia\u2013ischemia. J. Neurochem. 75: 819\u2013829","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-200208000-00005","volume":"22","author":"C Lesuisse","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lesuisse C and Martin LJ (2002) Immature and mature cortical neurons engage different apoptotic mechanisms involving caspase-3 and the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 22: 935\u2013950","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1159\/000047087","volume":"79","author":"X Wang","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wang X, Karlsson JO, Zhu C, Bahr BA, Hagberg H and Blomgren K (2001) Caspase-3 activation after neonatal rat cerebral hypoxia\u2013ischemia. Biol. Neonate. 79: 172\u2013179","journal-title":"Biol. Neonate."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1992","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI2169","volume":"101","author":"Y Cheng","year":"1998","unstructured":"Cheng Y, Deshmukh M, D'Costa A, Demaro JA, Gidday JM, Shah A, Sun Y, Jacquin MF, Johnson EM and Holtzman DM (1998) Caspase inhibitor affords neuroprotection with delayed administration in a rat model of neonatal hypoxic\u2013ischemic brain injury. J. Clin. Invest. 101: 1992\u20131999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2004.01.014","volume":"16","author":"X Wang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wang X, Zhu C, Hagberg H, Korhonen L, Sandberg M, Lindholm D and Blomgren K (2004) X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) protein protects against caspase activation and tissue loss after neonatal hypoxia\u2013ischemia. Neurobiol. Dis. 16: 179\u2013189","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5720","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/19.21.5720","volume":"19","author":"Y Kabeya","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kabeya Y, Mizushima N, Ueno T, Yamamoto A, Kirisako T, Noda T, Kominami E, Ohsumi Y and Yoshimori T (2000) LC3, a mammalian homologue of yeast Apg8p, is localized in autophagosome membranes after processing. EMBO J. 19: 5720\u20135728","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-200204000-00006","volume":"22","author":"R Gill","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gill R, Soriano M, Blomgren K, Hagberg H, Wybrecht R, Miss MT, Hoefer S, Adam G, Niederhauser O, Kemp JA and Loetscher H (2002) Role of caspase-3 activation in cerebral ischemia-induced neurodegeneration in adult and neonatal brain. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 22: 420\u2013430","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(97)13426-7","volume":"223","author":"RS Sidhu","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sidhu RS, Tuor UI and Del Bigio MR (1997) Nuclear condensation and fragmentation following cerebral hypoxia\u2013ischemia occurs more frequently in immature than older rats. Neurosci. Lett. 223: 129\u2013132","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410410416","volume":"41","author":"Y Cheng","year":"1997","unstructured":"Cheng Y, Gidday JM, Yan Q, Shah AR and Holtzman DM (1997) Marked age-dependent neuroprotection by brain-derived neurotrophic factor against neonatal hypoxic\u2013ischemic brain injury. Ann Neurol. 41: 521\u2013529","journal-title":"Ann Neurol."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(95)90065-9","volume":"132","author":"UI Tuor","year":"1995","unstructured":"Tuor UI, Chumas PD and Del Bigio MR (1995) Prevention of hypoxic\u2013ischemic damage with dexamethasone is dependent on age and not influenced by fasting. Exp. Neurol. 132: 116\u2013122","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2003.01838.x","volume":"86","author":"X Wang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wang X, Zhu C, Qiu L, Hagberg H, Sandberg M and Blomgren K (2003) Activation of ERK1\/2 after neonatal rat cerebral hypoxia-ischaemia. J. Neurochem. 86: 351\u2013362","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2003.01832.x","volume":"86","author":"C Zhu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zhu C, Qiu L, Wang X, Hallin U, Cande C, Kroemer G, Hagberg H and Blomgren K (2003) Involvement of apoptosis-inducing factor in neuronal death after hypoxia\u2013ischemia in the neonatal rat brain. J. Neurochem. 86: 306\u2013317","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-200404000-00011","volume":"24","author":"N Plesnila","year":"2004","unstructured":"Plesnila N, Zhu C, Culmsee C, Groger M, Moskowitz MA and Blomgren K (2004) Nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor after focal cerebral ischemia. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 24: 458\u2013466","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4401472","volume":"11","author":"H Fukuda","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fukuda H, Fukuda A, Zhu C, Korhonen L, Swanpalmer J, Hertzman S, Leist M, Lannering B, Lindholm D, Bjork-Eriksson T, Marky I and Blomgren K (2004) Irradiation-induced progenitor cell death in the developing brain is resistant to erythropoietin treatment and caspase inhibition. Cell Death Differ. 11: 1166\u20131178","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14046","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.20.14046","volume":"274","author":"K Blomgren","year":"1999","unstructured":"Blomgren K, Hallin U, Andersson AL, Puka-Sundvall M, Bahr BA, McRae A, Saido TC, Kawashima S and Hagberg H (1999) Calpastatin is up-regulated in response to hypoxia and is a suicide substrate to calpain after neonatal cerebral hypoxia\u2013ischemia. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 14046\u201314052","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(95)00399-B","volume":"684","author":"K Blomgren","year":"1995","unstructured":"Blomgren K, Kawashima S, Saido TC, Karlsson JO, Elmered A and Hagberg H (1995) Fodrin degradation and subcellular distribution of calpains after neonatal rat cerebral hypoxic-ischemia. Brain Res. 684: 143\u2013149","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(95)00398-A","volume":"684","author":"K Blomgren","year":"1995","unstructured":"Blomgren K, McRae A, Bona E, Saido TC, Karlsson JO and Hagberg H (1995) Degradation of fodrin and MAP 2 after neonatal cerebral hypoxic\u2013ischemia. Brain Res. 684: 136\u2013142","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2004.02500.x","volume":"90","author":"C Zhu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zhu C, Wang X, Qiu L, Peeters-Scholte C, Hagberg H and Blomgren K (2004) Nitrosylation precedes caspase-3 activation and translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor in neonatal rat cerebral hypoxia-ischaemia. J. Neurochem. 90: 462\u2013471","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1975.tb11875.x","volume":"24","author":"TE Duffy","year":"1975","unstructured":"Duffy TE, Kohle SJ and Vannucci RC (1975) Carbohydrate and energy metabolism in perinatal rat brain: relation to survival in anoxia. J. Neurochem. 24: 271\u2013276","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7439","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-19-07439.2001","volume":"21","author":"AG Yakovlev","year":"2001","unstructured":"Yakovlev AG, Ota K, Wang G, Movsesyan V, Bao WL, Yoshihara K and Faden AI (2001) Differential expression of apoptotic protease-activating factor-1 and caspase-3 genes and susceptibility to apoptosis during brain development and after traumatic brain injury. J. Neurosci. 21: 7439\u20137446","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2004.02769.x","volume":"91","author":"X Wang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wang X, Zhu C, Wang X, Gerwien JW, Schratttenholz A, Sandberg M, Leist M and Blomgren K (2004) The non-erythropoietin asialoerythropoietin protects against neonatal hypoxia\u2013ischemia as potently as erythropoietin. J. Neurochem. 91: 900\u2013910","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5910","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-14-05910.2002","volume":"22","author":"M Hedtjarn","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hedtjarn M, Leverin AL, Eriksson K, Blomgren K, Mallard C and Hagberg H (2002) Interleukin-18 involvement in hypoxic\u2013ischemic brain injury. J. Neurosci. 22: 5910\u20135919","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199806000-00005","volume":"43","author":"E Bona","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bona E, Hagberg H, Loberg EM, Bagenholm R and Thoresen M. (1998) Protective effects of moderate hypothermia after neonatal hypoxia\u2013ischemia: short- and long-term outcome. Pediatr. Res. 43: 738\u2013745","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2281","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.28.11.2281","volume":"28","author":"K Muramatsu","year":"1997","unstructured":"Muramatsu K, Fukuda A, Togari H, Wada Y and Nishino H (1997) Vulnerability to cerebral hypoxic\u2013ischemic insult in neonatal but not in adult rats is in parallel with disruption of the blood\u2013brain barrier. Stroke. 28: 2281\u20132288; discussion 2288\u20132289","journal-title":"Stroke."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2508","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.5.2508","volume":"96","author":"D Pohl","year":"1999","unstructured":"Pohl D, Bittigau P, Ishimaru MJ, Stadthaus D, Hubner C, Olney JW, Turski L and Ikonomidou C (1999) N-Methyl-D-aspartate antagonists and apoptotic cell death triggered by head trauma in developing rat brain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 96: 2508\u20132513","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.930047","volume":"50","author":"M Kalou","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kalou M, Rauchova H and Drahota Z (2001) Postnatal development of energy metabolism in the rat brain. Physiol. Res. 50: 315\u2013319","journal-title":"Physiol. Res."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2003.10.013","volume":"996","author":"C Zhu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zhu C, Wang X, Cheng X, Qiu L, Xu F, Simbruner G and Blomgren K (2004) Post-ischemic hypothermia-induced tissue protection and diminished apoptosis after neonatal cerebral hypoxia\u2013ischemia. Brain Res. 996: 67\u201375","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3414","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-09-03414.1999","volume":"19","author":"M Fujimura","year":"1999","unstructured":"Fujimura M, Morita-Fujimura Y, Kawase M, Copin JC, Calagui B, Epstein CJ and Chan PH (1999) Manganese superoxide dismutase mediates the early release of mitochondrial cytochrome c and subsequent DNA fragmentation after permanent focal cerebral ischemia in mice. J. Neurosci. 19: 3414\u20133422","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5715","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-15-05715.2000","volume":"20","author":"CM Luetjens","year":"2000","unstructured":"Luetjens CM, Bui NT, Sengpiel B, Munstermann G, Poppe M, Krohn AJ, Bauerbach E, Krieglstein J and Prehn JH (2000) Delayed mitochondrial dysfunction in excitotoxic neuron death: cytochrome c release and a secondary increase in superoxide production. J. Neurosci. 20: 5715\u20135723","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-199903000-00001","volume":"19","author":"AN Murphy","year":"1999","unstructured":"Murphy AN, Fiskum G and Beal MF (1999) Mitochondria in neurodegeneration: bioenergetic function in cell life and death. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 19: 231\u2013245","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1097\/01.WCB.0000100061.36077.5F","volume":"24","author":"LM Joly","year":"2004","unstructured":"Joly LM, Mucignat V, Mariani J, Plotkine M and Charriaut-Marlangue C (2004) Caspase inhibition after neonatal ischemia in the rat brain. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 24: 124\u2013131","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1038\/17135","volume":"397","author":"SA Susin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Susin SA, Lorenzo HK, Zamzami N, Marzo I, Snow BE, Brothers GM, Mangion J, Jacotot E, Costantini P, Loeffler M, Larochette N, Goodlett DR, Aebersold R, Siderovski DP, Penninger JM and Kroemer G (1999) Molecular characterization of mitochondrial apoptosis-inducing factor. Nature 397: 441\u2013446","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF4401545_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1038\/35069004","volume":"410","author":"N Joza","year":"2001","unstructured":"Joza N, Susin SA, Daugas E, Stanford WL, Cho SK, Li CY, Sasaki T, Elia AJ, Cheng HY, Ravagnan L, Ferri KF, Zamzami N, Wakeham A, Hakem R, Yoshida H, Kong YY, Mak TW, Zuniga-Pflucker JC, Kroemer G and Penninger JM (2001) Essential role of the mitochondrial apoptosis-inducing factor in programmed cell death. Nature 410: 549\u2013554","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF4401545_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1097\/01.WCB.0000087090.01171.E7","volume":"23","author":"G Cao","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cao G, Clark RS, Pei W, Yin W, Zhang F, Sun FY, Graham SH and Chen J (2003) Translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor in vulnerable neurons after transient cerebral ischemia and in neuronal cultures after oxygen-glucose deprivation. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 23: 1137\u20131150","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2003.01794.x","volume":"85","author":"M Ferrand-Drake","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ferrand-Drake M, Zhu C, Gido G, Hansen AJ, Karlsson JO, Bahr BA, Zamzami N, Kroemer G, Chan PH, Wieloch T and Blomgren K (2003) Cyclosporin A prevents calpain activation despite increased intracellular calcium concentrations, as well as translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor, cytochrome c and caspase-3 activation in neurons exposed to transient hypoglycemia. J. Neurochem. 85: 1431\u20131442","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2003.08.022","volume":"14","author":"CT Ekdahl","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ekdahl CT, Zhu C, Bonde S, Bahr BA, Blomgren K and Lindvall O (2003) Death mechanisms in status epilepticus-generated neurons and effects of additional seizures on their survival. Neurobiol. Dis. 14: 513\u2013523","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2002.00975.x","volume":"82","author":"X Zhang","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zhang X, Chen J, Graham SH, Du L, Kochanek PM, Draviam R, Guo F, Nathaniel PD, Szabo C, Watkins SC and Clark RS (2002) Intranuclear localization of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and large scale DNA fragmentation after traumatic brain injury in rats and in neuronal cultures exposed to peroxynitrite. J. Neurochem. 82: 181\u2013191","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1097\/01.WCB.0000127161.89708.A5","volume":"24","author":"H Zhao","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zhao H, Yenari MA, Cheng D, Barreto-Chang OL, Sapolsky RM and Steinberg GK (2004) Bcl-2 transfection via herpes simplex virus blocks apoptosis-inducing factor translocation after focal ischemia in the rat. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 24: 681\u2013692","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200202130","volume":"158","author":"SP Cregan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cregan SP, Fortin A, MacLaurin JG, Callaghan SM, Cecconi F, Yu SW, Dawson TM, Dawson VL, Park DS, Kroemer G and Slack RS (2002) Apoptosis-inducing factor is involved in the regulation of caspase-independent neuronal cell death. J. Cell Biol. 158: 507\u2013517","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.03.169","volume":"317","author":"CQ Yuan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Yuan CQ, Li YN and Zhang XF (2004) Down-regulation of apoptosis-inducing factor protein by RNA interference inhibits UVA-induced cell death. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 317: 1108\u20131113","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16391","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M010498200","volume":"276","author":"MD Miramar","year":"2001","unstructured":"Miramar MD, Costantini P, Ravagnan L, Saraiva LM, Haouzi D, Brothers G, Penninger JM, Peleato ML, Kroemer G and Susin SA (2001) NADH oxidase activity of mitochondrial apoptosis-inducing factor. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 16391\u201316398","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01034","volume":"419","author":"JA Klein","year":"2002","unstructured":"Klein JA, Longo-Guess CM, Rossmann MP, Seburn KL, Hurd RE, Frankel WN, Bronson RT and Ackerman SL (2002) The harlequin mouse mutation downregulates apoptosis-inducing factor. Nature 419: 367\u2013374","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF4401545_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1515\/BC.2002.082","volume":"383","author":"S Dutta","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dutta S, Chiu YC, Probert AW and Wang KK (2002) Selective release of calpain produced alphalI-spectrin (alpha-fodrin) breakdown products by acute neuronal cell death. Biol. Chem. 383: 785\u2013791","journal-title":"Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(88)90076-1","volume":"1","author":"R Siman","year":"1988","unstructured":"Siman R and Noszek JC (1988) Excitatory amino acids activate calpain I and induce structural protein breakdown in vivo. Neuron. 1: 279\u2013287","journal-title":"Neuron."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/62.6.633","volume":"62","author":"Z Pang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pang Z, Bondada V, Sengoku T, Siman R and Geddes JW (2003) Calpain facilitates the neuron death induced by 3-nitropropionic acid and contributes to the necrotic morphology. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 62: 633\u2013643","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)74593-1","volume":"268","author":"TC Saido","year":"1993","unstructured":"Saido TC, Yokota M, Nagao S, Yamaura I, Tani E, Tsuchiya T, Suzuki K and Kawashima S (1993) Spatial resolution of fodrin proteolysis in postischemic brain. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 25239\u201325243","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2003.01931.x","volume":"86","author":"M Emgard","year":"2003","unstructured":"Emgard M, Hallin U, Karlsson J, Bahr BA, Brundin P and Blomgren K (2003) Both apoptosis and necrosis occur early after intracerebral grafting of ventral mesencephalic tissue: a role for protease activation. J. Neurochem. 86: 1223\u20131232","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.10127","volume":"13","author":"T Yamashima","year":"2003","unstructured":"Yamashima T, Tonchev AB, Tsukada T, Saido TC, Imajoh-Ohmi S, Momoi T and Kominami E (2003) Sustained calpain activation associated with lysosomal rupture executes necrosis of the postischemic CA1 neurons in primates. Hippocampus. 13: 791\u2013800","journal-title":"Hippocampus."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-3806(98)00080-7","volume":"109","author":"Z Cai","year":"1998","unstructured":"Cai Z, Hutchins JB and Rhodes PG (1998) Intrauterine hypoxia\u2013ischemia alters nitric oxide synthase expression and activity in fetal and neonatal rat brains. Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res. 109: 265\u2013269","journal-title":"Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(97)01524-0","volume":"342","author":"Y Higuchi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Higuchi Y, Hattori H, Kume T, Tsuji M, Akaike A and Furusho K (1998) Increase in nitric oxide in the hypoxic-ischemic neonatal rat brain and suppression by 7-nitroindazole and aminoguanidine. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 342: 47\u201349","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.2000.tb01316.x","volume":"26","author":"S Ikeno","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ikeno S, Nagata N, Yoshida S, Takahashi H, Kigawa J and Terakawa N (2000) Immature brain injury via peroxynitrite production induced by inducible nitric oxide synthase after hypoxia\u2013ischemia in rats. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res. 26: 227\u2013234","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1159\/000069045","volume":"24","author":"C Peeters-Scholte","year":"2002","unstructured":"Peeters-Scholte C, Koster J, van den Tweel E, Blomgren K, Hamers N, Zhu C, van Buul-Offers S, Hagberg H, van Bel F, Heijnen C and Groenendaal F (2002) Effects of selective nitric oxide synthase inhibition on IGF-1, caspases and cytokines in a newborn piglet model of perinatal hypoxia\u2013ischaemia. Dev. Neurosci. 24: 396\u2013404","journal-title":"Dev. Neurosci."},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"BF4401545_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S18","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1434","volume":"10","author":"JK Andersen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Andersen JK (2004) Oxidative stress in neurodegeneration: cause or consequence? Nat. Med. 10 (Suppl): S18\u2013S25","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2003.10.001","volume":"30","author":"PS McQuillen","year":"2004","unstructured":"McQuillen PS and Ferriero DM (2004) Selective vulnerability in the developing central nervous system. Pediatr. Neurol. 30: 227\u2013235","journal-title":"Pediatr. Neurol."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4400852","volume":"8","author":"W Bursch","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bursch W (2001) The autophagosomal-lysosomal compartment in programmed cell death. Cell Death Differ. 8: 569\u2013581","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1006\/mcne.1999.0780","volume":"14","author":"L Xue","year":"1999","unstructured":"Xue L, Fletcher GC and Tolkovsky AM (1999) Autophagy is activated by apoptotic signalling in sympathetic neurons: an alternative mechanism of death execution. Mol. Cell Neurosci. 14: 180\u2013198","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Neurosci."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2805","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.01131","volume":"117","author":"Y Kabeya","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kabeya Y, Mizushima N, Yamamoto A, Oshitani-Okamoto S, Ohsumi Y and Yoshimori T (2004) LC3, GABARAP and GATE16 localize to autophagosomal membrane depending on form-II formation. J. Cell Sci. 117 (Part 13): 2805\u20132812","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.02-0580fje","volume":"17","author":"K Asanuma","year":"2003","unstructured":"Asanuma K, Tanida I, Shirato I, Ueno T, Takahara H, Nishitani T, Kominami E and Tomino Y (2003) MAP-LC3, a promising autophagosomal marker, is processed during the differentiation and recovery of podocytes from PAN nephrosis. FASEB J. 17: 1165\u20131167","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2004.05.010","volume":"36","author":"WH Yu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Yu WH, Kumar A, Peterhoff C, Shapiro Kulnane L, Uchiyama Y, Lamb BT, Cuervo AM and Nixon RA (2004) Autophagic vacuoles are enriched in amyloid precursor protein-secretase activities: implications for beta-amyloid peptide over-production and localization in Alzheimer's disease. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 36: 2531\u20132540","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-3806(00)00110-3","volume":"125","author":"M Puka-Sundvall","year":"2000","unstructured":"Puka-Sundvall M, Gajkowska B, Cholewinski M, Blomgren K, Lazarewicz JW and Hagberg H (2000) Subcellular distribution of calcium and ultrastructural changes after cerebral hypoxia\u2013ischemia in immature rats. Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res. 125: 31\u201341","journal-title":"Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(98)00892-0","volume":"810","author":"RA Sheldon","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sheldon RA, Sedik C and Ferriero DM (1998) Strain-related brain injury in neonatal mice subjected to hypoxia\u2013ischemia. Brain Res. 810: 114\u2013122","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR82","first-page":"902","volume":"273","author":"BA Bahr","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bahr BA, Tiriveedhi S, Park GY and Lynch G (1995) Induction of calpain-mediated spectrin fragments by pathogenic treatments in long-term hippocampal slices. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 273: 902\u2013908","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(80)90024-X","volume":"109","author":"JR Whitaker","year":"1980","unstructured":"Whitaker JR and Granum PE (1980) An absolute method for protein determination based on difference in absorbance at 235 and 280 nm. Anal. Biochem. 109: 156\u2013159","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2004.02547.x","volume":"90","author":"H Hagberg","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hagberg H, Wilson MA, Matsushita H, Zhu C, Lange M, Gustavsson M, Poitras MF, Dawson TM, Dawson VL, Northington F and Johnston MV (2004) PARP-1 gene disruption in mice preferentially protects males from perinatal brain injury. J. Neurochem. 90: 1068\u20131075","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"BF4401545_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199301000-00013","volume":"33","author":"EC Mallard","year":"1993","unstructured":"Mallard EC, Williams CE, Gunn AJ, Gunning MI and Gluckman PD (1993) Frequent episodes of brief ischemia sensitize the fetal sheep brain to neuronal loss and induce striatal injury. Pediatr. Res. 33: 61\u201365","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."}],"container-title":["Cell Death &amp; Differentiation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/4401545.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/4401545","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/4401545.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,21]],"date-time":"2024-12-21T06:35:45Z","timestamp":1734762945000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/4401545"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,10]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,2]]}},"alternative-id":["BF4401545"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.cdd.4401545","relation":{},"ISSN":["1350-9047","1476-5403"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1350-9047","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5403","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,10]]}}}