{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T02:22:05Z","timestamp":1791253325071,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,8]],"date-time":"2007-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1186531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,8]],"date-time":"2007-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1186531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602866","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,8]],"date-time":"2007-08-08T05:52:41Z","timestamp":1186552361000},"page":"451-462","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":159,"title":["Direct and indirect cellular effects of aspartame on the brain"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"P","family":"Humphries","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Pretorius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Naud\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"BF1602866_CR1","first-page":"605","volume":"33","author":"Anonymous","year":"1984","unstructured":"Anonymous (1984). Evaluation of consumer complaints related to aspartame use. MMWR 33, 605\u2013607.","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"BF1602866_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(96)02251-6","volume":"86","author":"J Berger-Sweeney","year":"1997","unstructured":"Berger-Sweeney J, Hohmann CF (1997). Behavioral consequences of abnormal cortical development: insights into developmental disabilities. Behav Brain Res 86, 121\u2013142.","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"BF1602866_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3204","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-08-03204.1999","volume":"19","author":"B Boutrel","year":"1999","unstructured":"Boutrel B, Franc B, Hen R, Hamon M, Adrien J (1999). Key role of 5-Ht1B receptors in the regulation of paradoxical sleep as evidenced in 5-HT1B knock-out mice. J Neurosci 19, 3204\u20133212.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"BF1602866_CR4","unstructured":"Bowen J, Evangelista MA (2002). Brain cell damage from amino acid isolates: a primary concern from aspartame-based products and artificial sweetening agents. http:\/\/www.wnho.net\/aspartame_brain_damage.htm."},{"key":"BF1602866_CR5","first-page":"9","volume-title":"Dietary phenylalanine and Brain Function","author":"B Caballero","year":"1988","unstructured":"Caballero B, Wurtman RJ (1988). Control of plasma phenylalanine levels. In: Wurtman RJ, Ritterwalker E (eds). Dietary phenylalanine and Brain Function. Birkhauser: Basal. pp 9\u201323."},{"key":"BF1602866_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.13.030190.001131","volume":"13","author":"DW Choi","year":"1990","unstructured":"Choi DW, Rothman SM (1990). The role of glutamate neurotoxicity in hypoxic-ischemic neuronal death. Annu Rev Neurosci 13, 171\u2013182.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"BF1602866_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(86)90537-8","volume":"369","author":"AR Chubakov","year":"1986","unstructured":"Chubakov AR, Gromova EA, Konovalov GV, Sarkisova EF, Chumasov EI (1986). The effects of serotonin on the morpho-functional development of rat cerebral neocortex in tissue culture. Brain Res 369, 285\u2013297.","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"BF1602866_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01182928","volume":"23","author":"AR Chubakov","year":"1993","unstructured":"Chubakov AR, Tsyganova VG, Sarkisova EF (1993). The stimulating influence of the raphe nuclei on the morphofunctional development of the hippocampus during their combined cultivation. Neurosci Behav Physiol 23, 271\u2013276.","journal-title":"Neurosci Behav Physiol"},{"key":"BF1602866_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1002\/mrdd.20021","volume":"10","author":"DC Chugani","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chugani DC (2004). Serotonin in autism and pediatric epilepsies. Mental RetardDev Disabil Res Rev 10, 112\u2013116.","journal-title":"Mental RetardDev Disabil Res Rev"},{"key":"BF1602866_CR10","volume-title":"Aspartame concerns: an overview for health professionals","author":"J Clarke","year":"2000","unstructured":"Clarke J (2000). Aspartame concerns: an overview for health professionals. Additive Survivors Network: UK."},{"key":"BF1602866_CR11","volume-title":"The Biochemical Basis of Neuropharmacology","author":"JR Cooper","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cooper JR, Bloom FE, Roth RH (2003). The Biochemical Basis of Neuropharmacology, 8th edn. Oxford University Press: New York."},{"key":"BF1602866_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(86)90324-8","volume":"83","author":"RA Coulombe","year":"1986","unstructured":"Coulombe RA, Sharma RS (1986). Neurobiochemical alterations induced by the artificial sweetener aspartame. (Nutrasweet). Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 83, 79\u201385.","journal-title":"(Nutrasweet). Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"BF1602866_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-003-0716-5","volume":"367","author":"E Dare","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dare E, Fetissov S, Hokfelt T, Hall H, Ogren SO, Ceccatelli S (2003). Effects of prenatal exposure to methylmercury on dopamine-mediated locomotor activity and dopamine D2 receptor binding. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 367, 500\u2013508.","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol"},{"key":"BF1602866_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.1.125","volume":"161","author":"A Diamond","year":"2004","unstructured":"Diamond A, Briand L, Fossella J, Gehlbach L (2004). Genetic and neurochemical modulation of prefrontal cognitive functions in children. Am J Psychiatry 161, 125\u2013132.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"BF1602866_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(83)90873-1","volume":"32","author":"JD Fernstorm","year":"1983","unstructured":"Fernstorm JD, Fernstrom MH, Gillis MA (1983). Acute effects of aspartame on large neutral amino acid and mono-amines in rat brain. Life Sci 32, 1651\u20131658.","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"BF1602866_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-9821-3_9","volume-title":"Dietary Phenylalanine And Brain Function","author":"JD Fernstorm","year":"1988","unstructured":"Fernstorm JD (1988). Effects of aspartame ingestion on large amino acids and monoamine neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. In: Wurtman RJ, Ritterwalker E (eds). Dietary Phenylalanine And Brain Function. Birkhauser: Basal. pp 87\u201394."},{"issue":"1","key":"BF1602866_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8223(94)92045-1","volume":"94","author":"JD Fernstrom","year":"1994","unstructured":"Fernstrom JD (1994). Dietary amino acids and brain function. J Am Diet Ass 94 (1), 71\u201377.","journal-title":"J Am Diet Ass"},{"key":"BF1602866_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-9821-3_3","volume-title":"Dietary Phenylalanine and Brain Function","author":"LJ Filer","year":"1988","unstructured":"Filer LJ, Stegink LD (1988). Effect of aspartame on plasma phenylalanine concentration in humans. In: Wurtman RJ, Ritterwalker E (eds). Dietary Phenylalanine and Brain Function. Birkhauser: Basal. pp 18\u201340."},{"key":"BF1602866_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-0590(88)90146-7","volume":"11","author":"SB Fountain","year":"1988","unstructured":"Fountain SB, Hennes SK, Teyler TJ (1988). Aspartame exposure and in vitro hippocampal slice excitability and plasticity. Fundam Appl Toxicol 11, 221\u2013228.","journal-title":"Fundam Appl Toxicol"},{"key":"BF1602866_CR20","volume-title":"Review of Medical Physiology","author":"WF Ganong","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ganong WF (1997). Review of Medical Physiology, 18th edn. Appleton and Lange: Stanford, Connecticut."},{"key":"BF1602866_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1256","volume":"4","author":"P Gaspar","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gaspar P, Cases O, Maroteaux L (2003). The developmental role of serotonin: news from mouse molecular genetics. Nat Rev Neurosci 4, 1002\u20131012.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"BF1602866_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-9821-3_6","volume-title":"Dietary Phenylalanine and Brain Function","author":"RA Hawkins","year":"1988","unstructured":"Hawkins RA, Mans AM, Biebuyck JF (1988). Regional transport and other neutral amino acids across the blood-brain barrier. In: Wurtman RJ, Ritter-Walker E (eds). Dietary Phenylalanine and Brain Function. Birkhauser: Basal. pp 63\u201367."},{"key":"BF1602866_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.03.027","volume":"190","author":"E Herlenius","year":"2004","unstructured":"Herlenius E, Langercrantz H (2004). Development of neurotransmitter systems during critical periods. Exp Neurol 190, 8\u201321.","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"BF1602866_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(90)91729-Z","volume":"520","author":"P-H Hidemitsu","year":"1990","unstructured":"Hidemitsu P-H, Yasuo S, Yasuhiro O, Masao S, Masanori Y (1990). Effect of aspartame on N-methyl-D-aspartate-sensitive L-[3H]glutamate binding sites in rat brain synaptic membranes. Brain Res 520, 351\u2013353.","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"BF1602866_CR25","first-page":"456","volume":"315","author":"DR Johns","year":"1986","unstructured":"Johns DR (1986). Migraine provoked by aspartame. Natl Eng J Med 315, 456.","journal-title":"Natl Eng J Med"},{"key":"BF1602866_CR26","first-page":"2116","volume-title":"Fetal and Neonatal Physiology","author":"MV Johnston","year":"1998","unstructured":"Johnston MV, Silverstein FS (1998). Development of neurotransmitters. In: Polin RA, Fox WW (eds). Fetal and Neonatal Physiology. Saunders: Philadelphia. pp 2116\u20132117."},{"key":"BF1602866_CR27","volume-title":"Fundamentals of Human Neuropsychology","author":"B Kolb","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kolb B, Whishaw IQ (2003). Fundamentals of Human Neuropsychology 5th edn Worth Publishers: New York."},{"key":"BF1602866_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1990.tb16891.x","volume":"600","author":"JM Lauder","year":"1990","unstructured":"Lauder JM (1990). Ontogeny of the serotonergic system in the rat: Serotonin as a developmental signal. Ann NY Acad Sci 600, 297\u2013313.","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"BF1602866_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1038\/nature00779","volume":"417","author":"K Letinic","year":"2002","unstructured":"Letinic K, Zoncu R, Rakic P (2002). Origin of GABAergic neurons in the human neocortex. Nature 417, 645\u2013649.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF1602866_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/6481","volume":"5","author":"SA Lipton","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lipton SA, Nakanishi N (1999). Shakespeare in love\u2014with NMDA receptors? Nat Med 5, 270\u2013271.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"BF1602866_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.877553","volume":"75","author":"TJ Maher","year":"1987","unstructured":"Maher TJ, Wurtman RJ (1987). Possible neurologic effects of aspartame, a widely used food additive. Environ Health Perspect 75, 53\u201357.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"BF1602866_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0173(90)90011-C","volume":"15","author":"JW McDonald","year":"1990","unstructured":"McDonald JW, Johnston MV (1990). Physiological and pathophysiological roles of excitatory amino acids during central nervous system de-velopment. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 15, 41\u201370.","journal-title":"Brain Res Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"BF1602866_CR33","unstructured":"Mehl-Madrona L (2005). Autism an overview and theories on its causes. http:\/\/www.healingarts.org\/mehl-madrona\/autism accessed:17 December 2005."},{"key":"BF1602866_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1038\/35055553","volume":"409","author":"SC Noctor","year":"2001","unstructured":"Noctor SC, Flint AC, Weissman TA, Dammerman RS, Kriegstein AR (2001). Neurons derived from radial glial cells establish radial units in neocortex. Nature 409, 714\u2013720.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF1602866_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1172","volume":"7","author":"SC Noctor","year":"2004","unstructured":"Noctor SC, Martinez-Cerdeno V, Ivic L, Kriegstein AR (2004). Cortical neurons arise in symmetric and asymmetric division zones and migrate through specific phases. Nat Neurosci 7, 136\u2013144.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"BF1602866_CR36","unstructured":"Olney JW (1975). Letter to the editor. N Engl J Med 292 (23)."},{"key":"BF1602866_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn919","volume":"3","author":"DF Owens","year":"2002","unstructured":"Owens DF, Kriegstein AR (2002). Is there more to GABA than synaptic inhibition? Nat Rev Neurosci 3, 715\u2013727.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"BF1602866_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195096736.001.0001","volume-title":"Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions","author":"J Panksepp","year":"1998","unstructured":"Panksepp J (1998). Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions. Oxford University Press: New York."},{"key":"BF1602866_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2003.07.001","volume":"184","author":"Y Qu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Qu Y, Vadivelu S, Choi L, Liu S, Lu A, Lewis B et al. (2003). Neurons derived from embryonic stem (ES) cells resemble normal neurons in their vulnerability to excitotoxic death. Exp Neurol 184, 326\u2013336.","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"8","key":"BF1602866_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-6915(87)90015-9","volume":"25","author":"RP Sharma","year":"1987","unstructured":"Sharma RP, Coulombe Jr RA (1987). Effects of repeated doses of aspartame on serotonin and its metabolite in various regions of the mouse brain. Food Chem Toxicol 25 (8), 565\u2013568.","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"issue":"3","key":"BF1602866_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(88)90103-5","volume":"37","author":"LD Stegink","year":"1988","unstructured":"Stegink LD, Filer LJ, Baker CL (1988). Repeated ingestion of aspartame-sweetened beverage: effect on plasma amino acid concentrations in normal adults. Metabolism 37 (3), 246\u2013251.","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"4","key":"BF1602866_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(89)90125-X","volume":"34","author":"LD Stegink","year":"1989","unstructured":"Stegink LD, Filer LJ, Bell EF, Ziegler EE, Tephly TR (1989). Effect of repeated ingestion of aspartame-sweetened beverage on plasma amino acid, blood methanol, and blood formate concentrations. Metabolism 34 (4), 357\u2013363.","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"BF1602866_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0082(88)90027-5","volume":"30","author":"TW Stone","year":"1988","unstructured":"Stone TW, Burton NR (1988). NMDA receptors and ligands in the vertebrate CNS. Prog Neurobiol 30, 333\u2013368.","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"BF1602866_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(93)90059-J","volume":"75","author":"E Sundstrom","year":"1993","unstructured":"Sundstrom E, Kolare S, Souverbie F, Samuelsson EB, Pschera H, Lunell NO et al. (1993). Neurochemical differenti-ation of human bulbospinal monoaminergic neurons during the first trimester. Brain Res Dev Brain Res 75, 1\u201312.","journal-title":"Brain Res Dev Brain Res"},{"key":"BF1602866_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1996.0096","volume":"139","author":"E Sundstrom","year":"1996","unstructured":"Sundstrom E (1996). First trimester development of the human nigros-triatal dopamine system. Exp Neurol 139, 227\u2013237.","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"BF1602866_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(98)00282-3","volume":"63","author":"C Trocho","year":"1998","unstructured":"Trocho C, Pardo R, Rafecas I, Virgili J, Remesar X, Fernandez-Lopez JA et al. (1998). Formaldehyde derived from dietary aspartame binds to tissue components in vivo. Life Sci 63, 337\u2013349.","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"BF1602866_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.55782\/ane-1996-1167","volume":"56","author":"K Turlejski","year":"1996","unstructured":"Turlejski K (1996). Evolutionary ancient roles of serotonin: Long-lasting regulation of activity and development. Acta Neurobiol Exp 56, 619\u2013636.","journal-title":"Acta Neurobiol Exp"},{"key":"BF1602866_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19970224)378:4<493::AID-CNE5>3.0.CO;2-Y","volume":"378","author":"F Wang","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wang F, Lidow MS (1997). Alpha 2A-adrenergic receptors are expressed by diverse cell types in the fetal primate cerebral wall. J Comp Neurol 378, 493\u2013507.","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"BF1602866_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-6147(84)90474-7","volume":"5","author":"JC Watkins","year":"1984","unstructured":"Watkins JC (1984). Excitatory amino acids and central synaptic transmission. Trends Pharmacol 5, 373\u2013376.","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol"},{"key":"BF1602866_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1038\/376572a0","volume":"376","author":"GV Williams","year":"1995","unstructured":"Williams GV, Goldman-Rakic PS (1995). Modulation of memory fields by dopamine D1 receptors in prefrontal cortex. Nature 376, 572\u2013575.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF1602866_CR51","first-page":"553","volume":"43","author":"PM Whitaker-Azmitia","year":"1991","unstructured":"Whitaker-Azmitia PM (1991). Role of serotonin and other neurotrans-mitter receptors in brain development: Basis for developmental pharmacology. Pharmacol Rev 43, 553\u2013561.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"BF1602866_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-4328(96)00071-X","volume":"73","author":"PM Whitaker-Azmitia","year":"1996","unstructured":"Whitaker-Azmitia PM, Druse M, Walker P, Lauder JM (1996). Serotonin as a developmental signal. Behav Brain Res 73, 19\u201329.","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"BF1602866_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(01)00615-3","volume":"56","author":"PM Whitaker-Azmitia","year":"2001","unstructured":"Whitaker-Azmitia PM (2001). Serotonin and brain development: Role in human developmental diseases. Brain Res Bull 56 (5), 479\u2013485.","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"BF1602866_CR54","first-page":"341","volume-title":"Use and Aids","author":"SN Young","year":"1988","unstructured":"Young SN (1988). Facts and myths related to the regulation of phenylalanine and other amino \u2018Dietary phenylalanine and brain function\u2019. In: Wurtman RJ, Ritterwalker E (eds). Use and Aids. Birkhauser: Basal. pp 341\u2013347."},{"key":"BF1602866_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90145-0","volume":"83","author":"QY Zhou","year":"1995","unstructured":"Zhou QY, Palmiter RD (1995). Dopamine-deficient mice are severely hypoactive, adipsic, and aphagic. Cell 83, 1197\u20131209.","journal-title":"Cell"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Clinical Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/1602866.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/1602866","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/1602866.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]],"date-time":"2024-02-17T03:51:58Z","timestamp":1708141918000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/1602866"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,8]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]}},"alternative-id":["BF1602866"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602866","relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-3007","1476-5640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-3007","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 October 2006","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 April 2007","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 April 2007","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 August 2007","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}