{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T07:46:48Z","timestamp":1790840808813,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,24]],"date-time":"2006-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1140739200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eye"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,5]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6702286","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,24]],"date-time":"2006-02-24T08:47:03Z","timestamp":1140770823000},"page":"614-623","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Quantitative analysis of corneal microstructure in keratoconus utilising in vivo confocal microscopy"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"K H","family":"Weed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C J","family":"MacEwen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C N J","family":"McGhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"BF6702286_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-6257(84)90094-8","volume":"28","author":"JH Krachmer","year":"1984","unstructured":"Krachmer JH, Feder RS, Belin MW . Keratoconus and related non-inflammatory corneal thinning disorders. Surv Ophthalmol 1984; 28(4): 293\u2013322.","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(97)00119-7","volume":"42","author":"YS Rabinowitz","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rabinowitz YS . Keratoconus. Surv Ophthalmol 1998; 42: 297\u2013319.","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-9071.2001.d01-16.x","volume":"29","author":"M Edwards","year":"2001","unstructured":"Edwards M, McGhee CNJ, Dean S . The genetics of keratoconus. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2001; 29(6): 345\u2013351.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(93)31673-8","volume":"100","author":"YS Rabinowitz","year":"1993","unstructured":"Rabinowitz YS, Nesburn AB, McDonnell PJ . Video keratography of the fellow eye in unilateral keratoconus. Ophthalmology 1993; 100: 181\u2013186.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1998.165","volume":"12","author":"KH Weed","year":"1998","unstructured":"Weed KH, McGhee CNJ . Keratoconus: referral patterns, treatment management and visual outcome in keratoconus. Eye 1998; 12: 663\u2013668.","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-200211000-00011","volume":"21","author":"WA Sray","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sray WA, Cohen EJ, Rapuano CJ, Laibson PR . Factors associated with the need for penetrating keratoplasty in keratoconus. Cornea 2002; 21(8): 784\u2013786.","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR7","first-page":"518","volume":"6","author":"S Somodi","year":"1996","unstructured":"Somodi S, Hahnel C, Slowik C, Richter A, Weiss DG, Guthoff R . Confocal in vivo microscopy and confocal laser\u2014scanning fluorescence microscopy in keratoconus. Ger J Ophthalmol 1996; 6: 518\u2013525.","journal-title":"Ger J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ico.0000141231.03225.d8","volume":"24","author":"JG Hollingsworth","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hollingsworth JG, Efron N . Observations of banding patterns (Vogt striae) in keratoconus: a confocal microscopy study. Cornea 2005; 24(2): 162\u2013166.","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(95)30981-5","volume":"102","author":"W Wiegand","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wiegand W, Thaer AA, Kroll P, Geyer OC, Garoa AJ . Optical sectioning of the cornea with a new confocal in vivo slit scanning video microscope. Ophthalmology 1995; 102: 568\u2013575.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(98)00028-7","volume":"18","author":"M Bohnke","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bohnke M, Masters BR . Confocal microscopy of the cornea. Prog Ret Eye Res 1999; 18: 553\u2013628.","journal-title":"Prog Ret Eye Res"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR11","first-page":"5674 B585","volume":"38","author":"AK Bansal","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bansal AK, Mustonen RK, McDonald MB . High resolution in vivo scanning confocal microscopy of the cornea in long term contact lens wear. Inv Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1997; 38(4): 5674 B585.","journal-title":"Inv Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0938.2002.tb03028.x","volume":"85","author":"N Efron","year":"2002","unstructured":"Efron N, Perez-Gomez I, Morgan PB . Confocal microscopic observations of stromal keratocytes during extended contact lens wear. Clin Exp Optom 2002; 85(3): 156\u2013160.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1606.1999.00205.x","volume":"27","author":"I Jalbert","year":"1999","unstructured":"Jalbert I, Stapleton F . Effect of lens wear on corneal stroma: preliminary findings. Aust NZ J Ophthalmol 1999; 27(3\u20134): 211\u2013213.","journal-title":"Aust NZ J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3011","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-0129","volume":"45","author":"P Kallinikos","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kallinikos P, Efron N . On the etiology of keratocyte loss during contact lens wear. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2004; 45(9): 3011\u20133020.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1054\/tice.2001.0195","volume":"33","author":"MJ Doughty","year":"2001","unstructured":"Doughty MJ, Seabert W, Bergmanson JPG, Blocker Y . A descriptive and quantitative study of the keratocytes of the corneal stroma of albino rabbits using transmission electron microscopy. Tissue and Cell 2001; 33(4): 408\u2013422.","journal-title":"Tissue and Cell"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-199809000-00012","volume":"17","author":"W Radner","year":"1998","unstructured":"Radner W, Zehetmayer M, Aufreiter R, Mallinger R . Interlacing and cross-angle distribution of collagen lamellae in the human cornea. Cornea 1998; 17: 537\u2013543.","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.85.4.437","volume":"85","author":"LJ Muller","year":"2001","unstructured":"Muller LJ, Pels E, Vrensen GF . The specific architecture of the anterior stroma accounts for maintenance of corneal curvature. Br J Ophthalmol 2001; 85: 379\u2013381.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR18","first-page":"35","volume":"40","author":"WJ Kim","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kim WJ, Helena MC, Mohan RR, Wilson SE . Changes in corneal morphology associated with chronic epithelial injury. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1999; 40: 35\u201342.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ico.0000151548.46231.27","volume":"24","author":"JG Hollingsworth","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hollingsworth JG, Bonshek RE, Efron N . Correlation of the appearance of the keratoconic cornea in vivo by confocal microscopy and in vitro by light microscopy. Cornea 2005; 24(4): 397\u2013405.","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2005.00278.x","volume":"24","author":"JG Hollingsworth","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hollingsworth JG, Efron N, Tullo A . In vivo corneal confocal microscopy in keratoconus. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2005; 24(93): 254\u2013260.","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-199705000-00013","volume":"16","author":"JV Greiner","year":"1997","unstructured":"Greiner JV, Leahy CD, Welter DA, Hearn SL, Weidman TA, Korb DR . Histology of the ocular surface after eye rubbing. Cornea 1997; 16(3): 327\u2013332.","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1983.tb01473.x","volume":"61","author":"M Millodot","year":"1983","unstructured":"Millodot M, Owens H . Sensitivity and fragility in keratoconus. Acta Ophthalmol 1983; 61: 908\u2013917.","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR23","first-page":"1980","volume":"42","author":"Y Maruyama","year":"2001","unstructured":"Maruyama Y, Wang W, Li Y, Sugar J, Yue BY . Involvement of Sp1 elements in the promoter activity of genes affected in keratoconus. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001; 42(9): 1980\u20131985.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2466","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.02-0671","volume":"44","author":"K Nielsen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nielsen K, Birkenkamp-Demtroder K, Ehlers N, Orntoft TF . Identification of differentially expressed genes in keratoconus epithelium analyzed on micro-arrays. Invest Opthalmol Vis Sci 2003; 44(6): 2466\u20132476.","journal-title":"Invest Opthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR25","first-page":"425","volume":"316","author":"J Bureau","year":"1993","unstructured":"Bureau J, Fabre EJ, Hecquet C, Pouliquen Y, Lorans G . Modification of prostaglandin E2 and collagen synthesis in keratoconus fibroblasts associated with an increase of interleukin-1 alpha receptor number. CR Acad Sci III 1993; 316: 425\u2013430.","journal-title":"CR Acad Sci III"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.1996.0038","volume":"62","author":"SE Wilson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wilson SE, He YG, Weng J, Li O, McDonnall AW, Vital M et al. Epithelial injury induces keratocyte apoptosis: hypothesized role for the interleukin -1 system in the modulation of corneal tissue organization and wound healing. Exp Eye Res 1996; 62: 325\u2013327.","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0719","volume":"69","author":"WJ Kim","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kim WJ, Rabinowitz YS, Meisler DM, Wilson SE . Keratocyte apoptosis associated with keratoconus. Exp Eye Res 1999; 69: 475\u2013481.","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-200203000-00017","volume":"21","author":"RM Kaldawy","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kaldawy RM, Wagner J, Ching S, Seigel GM . Evidence of apoptotic cell death in keratoconus. Cornea 2002; 21: 206\u2013209.","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR29","first-page":"12","volume":"28","author":"TJ Liesegang","year":"2002","unstructured":"Liesegang TJ . Physiologic changes of the cornea with contact lens wear. CLAO J 2002; 28(1): 12\u201327.","journal-title":"CLAO J"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.66.10.667","volume":"66","author":"JPG Bergmanson","year":"1982","unstructured":"Bergmanson JPG, Chu LWF . Corneal response to rigid contact lens wear. Br J Ophthalmol 1982; 66: 667\u2013675.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR31","first-page":"109","volume":"71","author":"BA Holden","year":"1988","unstructured":"Holden BA, Sweeney DF . Contact lens can induce stromal thinning. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1988; 71(4): 109\u2013113.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(99)00027-5","volume":"107","author":"Z Liu","year":"2000","unstructured":"Liu Z, Pflugfelder SC . The effects of long term contact wear on corneal thickness, curvature and surface regularity. Ophthalmology 2000; 107(1): 105\u2013111.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S1367-0484(04)00018-9","volume":"27","author":"JG Hollingsworth","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hollingsworth JG, Efron N . Confocal microscopy of the corneas of long term rigid contact lens wearers. Contact Lens Anterior Eye 2004; 27: 57\u201364.","journal-title":"Contact Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR34","first-page":"995","volume":"43","author":"SV Patel","year":"2002","unstructured":"Patel SV, McClaren JW, Hodge DO, Bourne WM . Confocal microscopy in vivo in corneas of long term contact lens wearers. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2002; 43: 995\u20131003.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(02)01698-7","volume":"134","author":"JC Erie","year":"2002","unstructured":"Erie JC, Patel SV, McLaren JW . Keratocyte density in keratoconus. A confocal microscopy study. Am J Ophthalmol 2002; 134(5): 689\u2013695 . Comment in Am J Ophthalmol 2003;135(5):746-7; Author reply 747.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.83.7.774","volume":"83","author":"Z Liu","year":"1999","unstructured":"Liu Z, Huang AJ, Pflugfelder SC . Evaluation of corneal thickness and topography in normal eyes using the Orbscan corneal topography system. Br J Ophthalmol 1999; 83: 774\u2013778.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(99)00519-9","volume":"106","author":"MR Lattimore","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lattimore MR, Kaupp S, Schallhorn S, Lewis R . Orbscan pachymetry Implications of a repeated measures and diurnal variation analysis. Ophthalmology 1999; 106: 977\u2013981.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(97)80113-7","volume":"23","author":"V Yaylali","year":"1997","unstructured":"Yaylali V, Kaufman SC, Thompson HW . Corneal thickness measurements with the Orbscan topography system and ultrasonic pachymetry. J Cataract Refract Surg 1997; 23: 1345\u20131350.","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(01)01089-6","volume":"27","author":"HS Chakrabarti","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chakrabarti HS, Craig JP, Brahma A, Malik TY, McGhee CNJ . Comparison of corneal thickness measurements using ultrasound and Orbscan slit-scanning topography in normal and post-LASIK eyes. J Cataract Refract Surg 2001; 27(11): 1823\u20131828.","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR40","first-page":"574","volume":"72","author":"LB Szczotka","year":"2001","unstructured":"Szczotka LB, Barr JT, Zadnik K . A summary of the findings from the collaborative longitudinal evaluation of keratoconus (CLEK) study. Optometry 2001; 72(9): 574\u2013585.","journal-title":"Optometry"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR41","first-page":"102","volume":"13","author":"PR Kastl","year":"1987","unstructured":"Kastl PR, Donzis PB, Cole HP, Rice J, Baldone JA . A 20 year retrospective study of the use of contact lenses in keratoconus. CLAO J 1987; 13(2): 102\u2013104.","journal-title":"CLAO J"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199703000-00025","volume":"74","author":"JLO Jimenez","year":"1997","unstructured":"Jimenez JLO, Jurado JCG, Rodriguez FJB, Laborda DS . Keratoconus: Age of onset and natural history. Optom Vis Sci 1997; 74(3): 147\u2013151.","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199809000-00018","volume":"75","author":"GA Watters","year":"1998","unstructured":"Watters GA, Owens H . Evaluation of mild, moderate and advanced keratoconus using ultrasound pachometry and the EyeSys Videokeratoscope. Optom Vis Sci 1998; 75(9): 640\u2013646.","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR44","first-page":"2290","volume":"38","author":"MK Smolek","year":"1997","unstructured":"Smolek MK, Klyce SD . Current keratoconus detection methods compared with a neural network approach. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1997; 38: 2290\u20132299.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/0275-5408(95)00017-8","volume":"16","author":"H Owens","year":"1996","unstructured":"Owens H, Watters GA . An evaluation of the keratoconic cornea using computerised corneal mapping and ultrasonic measurements of corneal thickness. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 1996; 16: 115\u2013123.","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-200110000-00010","volume":"78","author":"J Hollingsworth","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hollingsworth J, Perez-Gomez I, Mutalib HA, Efron N . A population study of the normal cornea using an in-vivo slit scanning confocal microscope. Optom Vis Sci 2001; 78(10): 706\u2013711.","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR47","first-page":"2557","volume":"36","author":"LJ Muller","year":"1995","unstructured":"Muller LJ, Pels L, Vrensen GFJM . Normal aspects of the ultrastructural organization of human corneal keratocytes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1995; 36: 2557\u20132567.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.3109\/02713689608997410","volume":"15","author":"CA Poole","year":"1996","unstructured":"Poole CA, Brookes NH, Clover GM . The keratocyte network in porcine cornea using the confocal imaging of fixable vital dye 5-chloromethyl-fluorescein diacetate. Curr Eye Res 1996; 15: 165\u2013174.","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR49","first-page":"2557","volume":"36","author":"LJ Miller","year":"1995","unstructured":"Miller LJ, Pel SL, Vrensen GFJM . Normal aspects of the ultrastructural organization of human corneal keratocytes. Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1995; 36: 2557\u20132567.","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR50","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The Eye","author":"DM Maurice","year":"1984","unstructured":"Maurice DM . The cornea and sclera. In: Davson H (eds) The Eye. New York Academic Press: New York, 1984 pp 1\u2013158."},{"key":"BF6702286_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1177\/112067210001000402","volume":"10","author":"BT Parkin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Parkin BT, Smith VA, Easty DL . The control of matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression in normal and keratocyte cultures. Eur J Ophthalmol 2000; 10(4): 276\u2013285.","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1076\/0271-3683(200008)2121-VFT662","volume":"21","author":"SA Collier","year":"2000","unstructured":"Collier SA, Madigan MC, Penfold PL . Expression of membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) and MMP-2 in normal and keratoconus corneas. Curr Eye Res 2000; 21: 662\u2013668.","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03401852","volume":"7","author":"K Wentz-Hunter","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wentz-Hunter K, Cheng EL, Sugar J, Yue BYJT . Keratocan expression is increased in the stroma of keratoconus. Molecular Medicine 2001; 7: 470\u2013477.","journal-title":"Molecular Medicine"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1076\/ceyr.22.5.333.5491","volume":"22","author":"EL Cheng","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cheng EL, Maruyama I, SundarRaj N, Sugar J, Peder RS, Yue BY . Expression of type X11 collagen and hemidesmosome associated proteins in keratoconus corneas. Curr Eye Res 2001; 22: 333\u2013340.","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1996.1096","volume":"224","author":"M Chwa","year":"1996","unstructured":"Chwa M, Kenney MC, Khin H, Brown DJ . Altered type VI collagen synthesis by keratoconus keratocytes in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1996; 224: 760\u2013764.","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.3109\/02713689509003756","volume":"14","author":"T Moller-Pedersen","year":"1995","unstructured":"Moller-Pedersen T, Ehlers N . A three-dimensional study of the human corneal keratocyte density. Curr Eye Res 1995; 14(6): 459\u2013464.","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-199809000-00005","volume":"17","author":"RK Mustonen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mustonen RK, McDonald MB, Scrivannaboon S, Tan AL, Doubrava MW, Kim CK . Normal human corneal cell populations evaluated by invivo scanning slit confocal microscopy. Cornea 1998; 17(5): 485\u2013492.","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1998.82","volume":"12","author":"JI Prydal","year":"1998","unstructured":"Prydal JI, Franc F, Dilly PN, KerrMuir MG, Corbett MC, Marshall J . Keratocyte density and size in conscious humans by digital image analysis of confocal images. Eye 1998; 12: 337\u2013342.","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR59","first-page":"333","volume":"42","author":"S Patel","year":"2001","unstructured":"Patel S, McClaren J, Hodge D, Bourne W . Normal human keratocyte density and corneal thickness measurement by using confocal microscopy in vivo. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001; 42: 333\u2013339.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-200003000-00012","volume":"19","author":"C Hahnel","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hahnel C, Somodi S, Weiss DG, Guthoff RF . The keratocyte network of human cornea: a three dimensional study using confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy. Cornea 2000; 19: 185\u2013193.","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(93)31457-0","volume":"100","author":"HD Cavanagh","year":"1993","unstructured":"Cavanagh HD, Petoll M, Alizadeh H, He YG, McCulley JP, Jester JV . Clinical and diagnostic use of invivo confocal microscopy in patients with corneal disease. Ophthalmology 1993; 100: 144\u20131454.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR62","first-page":"333","volume":"16","author":"T Moller-Pedersen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Moller-Pedersen T . A comparative study of human corneal keratocyte and endothelial cell density during ageing. Cornea 1997; 16(3): 333\u2013338.","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-9071.2003.00623.x","volume":"31","author":"CA Poole","year":"2003","unstructured":"Poole CA, Brookes NH, Clover GM . Confocal imaging of the human keratocyte network using the vital dye 5-chloromethyl-fluorescein diacetate. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol 2003; 31(2): 147\u2013154.","journal-title":"Clin Experiment Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(01)01227-5","volume":"28","author":"J Berlau","year":"2002","unstructured":"Berlau J, Becker HH, Stave J, Oriwol C, Guthoff R . Depth and age-dependent distribution of keratocytes in healthy human corneas: a study using scanning-slit confocal microscopy in vivo (1). J Cataract Refract Surg 2002; 28: 611\u2013616.","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(82)34746-6","volume":"89","author":"GO Waring","year":"1982","unstructured":"Waring GO, Bourne WM, Edelhauser HF, Kenyon KR . The corneal endothelium: normal and pathologic structure and function. Ophthalmology 1982; 89: 531\u2013590.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(76)90247-6","volume":"81","author":"WM Bourne","year":"1976","unstructured":"Bourne WM, Kaufman HE . Specular microscopy of human corneal endothelium in vivo. Am J Ophthalmol 1976; 81: 319\u2013326.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(84)90187-9","volume":"98","author":"M Matsuda","year":"1984","unstructured":"Matsuda M, Suda T, Manabe R . Quantitative analysis of endothelial mosaic pattern changes in anterior keratoconus. Am J Ophthalmol 1984; 98: 43\u201349.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1979.01020020315005","volume":"97","author":"RA Laing","year":"1979","unstructured":"Laing RA, Sandstrom MM, Berropsi AR, Leibowitz HM . The human corneal endothelium in keratoconus: a specular microscopic study. Arch Ophthalmol 1979; 97: 1867\u20131869.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-198701000-00009","volume":"64","author":"JA Halabais","year":"1987","unstructured":"Halabais JA . Analysis of the corneal endothelium in keratoconus. Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1987; 64: 51\u201353.","journal-title":"Am J Optom Physiol Opt"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(89)32754-0","volume":"96","author":"K Yamauchi","year":"1989","unstructured":"Yamauchi K, Hirst LW, Enger C et al. Specular microscopy of hard contact lens wearers 11. Ophthalmology 1989; 96: 1176\u20131179.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)76210-5","volume":"112","author":"LJ Maguire","year":"1991","unstructured":"Maguire LJ, Lowry JC . Identifying progression of subclinical keratoconus by serial topography analysis. Am J Ophthalmol 1991; 112: 41\u201345.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-200304000-00012","volume":"22","author":"J Sanchis-Gimeno","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sanchis-Gimeno J, Lleo A, Alonso L, Rallal MS, Martinez-Soriano F . Differences in corneal anatomy in a pair of monozygotic twins due to continuous contact lens wear. Cornea 2003; 22(3): 243\u2013245.","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2336","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(02)01276-9","volume":"109","author":"SC Pflugfelder","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pflugfelder SC, Liu Z, Feuer W, Verm A . Corneal thickness indices discriminate between keratoconus and contact lens induced corneal thinning. Ophthalmology 2002; 109: 2336\u20132341.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"BF6702286_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-175-41804","volume":"175","author":"BY Yue","year":"1984","unstructured":"Yue BY, Sugar J, Benveniste K . Heterogeneity in keratoconus: possible biochemical basis. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1984; 175(3): 336\u2013341.","journal-title":"Proc Soc Exp Biol Med"}],"container-title":["Eye"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/6702286.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/6702286","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/6702286.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T12:24:44Z","timestamp":1684412684000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/6702286"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,24]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,5]]}},"alternative-id":["BF6702286"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.eye.6702286","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-222X","1476-5454"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-222X","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5454","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,24]]}}}