{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T17:45:13Z","timestamp":1790358313704,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,22]],"date-time":"2003-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1053561600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,22]],"date-time":"2003-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1053561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,1]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6363950","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,21]],"date-time":"2003-05-21T16:40:26Z","timestamp":1053535226000},"page":"245-250","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Genetic influence of CXCR6 chemokine receptor alleles on PCP-mediated AIDS progression among African Americans"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"P","family":"Duggal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T H","family":"Beaty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S A","family":"Strathdee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Farzadegan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R B","family":"Markham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S J","family":"O'Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Vlahov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C A","family":"Winkler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"BF6363950_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(99)80078-8","volume":"11","author":"NL Michael","year":"1999","unstructured":"Michael NL . Host genetic influences on HIV-1 pathogenesis. Curr Opin Immunol 1999; 11: 466\u2013474.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"BF6363950_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-065X.2000.17710.x","volume":"177","author":"SJ O'Brien","year":"2000","unstructured":"O'Brien SJ, Moore JP . The effect of genetic variation in chemokines and their receptors on HIV transmission and progression to AIDS. Immunol Rev 2000; 177: 99\u2013111.","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"BF6363950_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.genet.34.1.563","volume":"34","author":"SJ O'Brien","year":"2000","unstructured":"O'Brien SJ, Nelson GW, Winkler CA, Smith MW . Polygenic and multifactorial disease gene association in man: lessons from AIDS. Annu Rev Genet 2000; 34: 563\u2013591.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Genet"},{"key":"BF6363950_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1856","DOI":"10.1126\/science.273.5283.1856","volume":"273","author":"M Dean","year":"1996","unstructured":"Dean M, Carrington M, Winkler C et al. Genetic restriction of HIV-1 infection and progression to AIDS by a deletion allele of the CKR5 structural gene. Hemophilia Growth and Development Study, Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, Multicenter Hemophilia Cohort Study, San Francisco City Cohort, ALIVE Study. Science 1996; 273: 1856\u20131862.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF6363950_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1126\/science.277.5328.959","volume":"277","author":"MW Smith","year":"1997","unstructured":"Smith MW, Dean M, Carrington M et al. Contrasting genetic influence of CCR2 and CCR5 variants on HIV-1 infection and disease progression. Hemophilia Growth and Development Study (HGDS), Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), Multicenter Hemophilia Cohort Study (MHCS), San Francisco City Cohort (SFCC), ALIVE Study. Science 1997; 277: 959\u2013965.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF6363950_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1126\/science.279.5349.389","volume":"279","author":"C Winkler","year":"1998","unstructured":"Winkler C, Modi W, Smith MW et al. Genetic restriction of AIDS pathogenesis by an SDF-1 chemokine gene variant. ALIVE Study, Hemophilia Growth and Development Study (HGDS), Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), Multicenter Hemophilia Cohort Study (MHCS), San Francisco City Cohort (SFCC). Science 1998; 279: 389\u2013393.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF6363950_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1038\/40894","volume":"388","author":"HK Deng","year":"1997","unstructured":"Deng HK, Unutmaz D, Kewalramani VN, Littman DR . Expression cloning of new receptors used by simian and human immunodeficiency viruses. Nature 1997; 388: 296\u2013300.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF6363950_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.185.11.2015","volume":"185","author":"F Liao","year":"1997","unstructured":"Liao F, Alkhatib G, Peden KW et al. STRL33, A novel chemokine receptor-like protein, functions as a fusion cofactor for both macrophage-tropic and T cell line-tropic HIV-1. J Exp Med 1997; 185: 2015\u20132023.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF6363950_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(06)00292-2","volume":"7","author":"M Loetscher","year":"1997","unstructured":"Loetscher M, Amara A, Oberlin E et al. TYMSTR, a putative chemokine receptor selectively expressed in activated T cells, exhibits HIV-1 coreceptor function. Curr Biol 1997; 7: 652\u2013660.","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"BF6363950_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1038\/79738","volume":"1","author":"M Matloubian","year":"2000","unstructured":"Matloubian M, David A, Engel S, Ryan JE, Cyster JG . A transmembrane CXC chemokine is a ligand for HIV-coreceptor Bonzo. Nat Immunol 2000; 1: 298\u2013304.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"BF6363950_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5145","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.8.5145","volume":"166","author":"A Wilbanks","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wilbanks A, Zondlo SC, Murphy K et al. Expression cloning of the strl33\/bonzo\/tymstr ligand reveals elements of cc, cxc, and cx3c chemokines. J Immunol 2001; 166: 5145\u20135154.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF6363950_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI11902","volume":"107","author":"CH Kim","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kim CH, Kunkel EJ, Boisvert J et al. Bonzo\/CXCR6 expression defines type 1-polarized T-cell subsets with extralymphoid tissue homing potential. J Clin Invest 2001; 107: 595\u2013601.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"BF6363950_CR13","volume-title":"Epidemiology: Beyond the Basics","author":"M Szklo","year":"2000","unstructured":"Szklo M, Nieto J . Epidemiology: Beyond the Basics, 1st edn. Aspen Publishers: Gaithersburg, 2000."},{"key":"BF6363950_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2011","DOI":"10.1086\/315487","volume":"181","author":"JE Shellito","year":"2000","unstructured":"Shellito JE, Tate C, Ruan S, Kolls J . Murine CD4+ T lymphocyte subsets and host defense against Pneumocystis carinii. J Infect Dis 2000; 181: 2011\u20132017.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"BF6363950_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20011712","volume":"195","author":"A Motsinger","year":"2002","unstructured":"Motsinger A, Haas DW, Stanic AK et al. CD1d-restricted human natural killer T cells are highly susceptible to human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection. J Exp Med 2002; 195: 869\u2013879.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF6363950_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V96.1.41.013k53_41_49","volume":"96","author":"M Sharron","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sharron M, Pohlmann S, Price K et al. Expression and coreceptor activity of STRL33\/Bonzo on primary peripheral blood lymphocytes. Blood 2000; 96: 41\u201349.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"BF6363950_CR17","first-page":"75","volume":"109","author":"D Vlahov","year":"1991","unstructured":"Vlahov D, Anthony JC, Munoz A et al. The ALIVE study, a longitudinal study of HIV-1 infection in intravenous drug users: description of methods and characteristics of participants. NIDA Res Monogr 1991; 109: 75\u2013100.","journal-title":"NIDA Res Monogr"},{"key":"BF6363950_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.1997.4626","volume":"41","author":"BL Daugherty","year":"1997","unstructured":"Daugherty BL, Springer MS . The beta-chemokine receptor genes CCR1 (CMKBR1), CCR2 (CMKBR2), and CCR3 (CMKBR3) cluster within 285\u2009kb on human chromosome 3p21. Genomics 1997; 41: 294\u2013295.","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"BF6363950_CR19","unstructured":"1987 revision of the Center for Disease Control\/World Health Organization definition of cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Bol Oficina Sanit Panam 1988; 104: 277\u2013286."},{"key":"BF6363950_CR20","unstructured":"1993 revised classification system for HIV infection and expanded surveillance case definition for AIDS among adolescents and adults. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1992; 41: 1\u201319."},{"key":"BF6363950_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.279.1.35","volume":"279","author":"D Vlahov","year":"1998","unstructured":"Vlahov D, Graham N, Hoover D et al. Prognostic indicators for AIDS and infectious disease death in HIV- infected injection drug users: plasma viral load and CD4+ cell count. JAMA 1998; 279: 35\u201340.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"BF6363950_CR22","unstructured":"DHHS\/Henry J Kaiser Family Foundation Panel on Clinical Practices for the Treatment of HIV infection. Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in HIV-Infected adults and adolescents. MMWR Recomm Rep 2002 May 17; 51(RR-7): 1\u201355."}],"container-title":["Genes & Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/6363950.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/6363950","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/6363950.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]],"date-time":"2022-03-22T19:15:20Z","timestamp":1647976520000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/6363950"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,22]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,1]]}},"alternative-id":["BF6363950"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.gene.6363950","relation":{},"ISSN":["1466-4879","1476-5470"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1466-4879","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5470","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 October 2002","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 October 2002","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 October 2002","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 May 2003","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}