{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T06:41:55Z","timestamp":1791096115916,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,14]],"date-time":"2005-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1121299200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,14]],"date-time":"2005-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1121299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,1]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6364243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,14]],"date-time":"2005-07-14T09:19:17Z","timestamp":1121332757000},"page":"584-587","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["A single-nucleotide polymorphism in the gene encoding lymphoid protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPN22) confers susceptibility to generalised vitiligo"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"I","family":"Cant\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Akhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N G","family":"Gavalas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D J","family":"Gawkrodger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Blomhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P F","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A P","family":"Weetman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E H","family":"Kemp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"BF6364243_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.3109\/08916930108994127","volume":"34","author":"EH Kemp","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kemp EH, Waterman EA, Weetman AP . Autoimmune aspects of vitiligo. Autoimmunity 2001; 34: 65\u201377.","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"BF6364243_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-71-5-935","volume":"71","author":"Y Ochi","year":"1969","unstructured":"Ochi Y, DeGroot LJ . Vitiligo in Graves' disease. Ann Intern Med 1969; 71: 935\u2013940.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"BF6364243_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0749.1995.tb00774.x","volume":"8","author":"J Cui","year":"1995","unstructured":"Cui J, Arita Y, Bystryn J-C . Characterisation of vitiligo antigens. Pigment Cell Res 1995; 8: 53\u201359.","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Res"},{"key":"BF6364243_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)91709-4","volume":"344","author":"YH Song","year":"1994","unstructured":"Song YH, Connor E, Li Y, Zorovich B, Balducci P, Maclaren N . The role of tyrosinase in autoimmune vitiligo. Lancet 1994; 344: 1049\u20131052.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BF6364243_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1996.d01-727.x","volume":"105","author":"E Baharav","year":"1996","unstructured":"Baharav E, Merimski O, Shoenfeld Y, Zigelman R, Gilbrund B, Yecheskel G . Tyrosinase as an autoantigen in patients with vitiligo. Clin Exp Immunol 1996; 105: 84\u201388.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"BF6364243_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12276556","volume":"109","author":"EH Kemp","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kemp EH, Gawkrodger DJ, MacNeil S, Watson PF, Weetman AP . Detection of tyrosinase autoantibodies in vitiligo patients using 35S-labelled recombinant human tyrosinase in a radioimmunoassay. J Invest Dermatol 1997; 109: 69\u201373.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"BF6364243_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2001.01363.x","volume":"116","author":"KS Lang","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lang KS, Caroli CC, Muhm A et al. HLA-A2 restricted, melanocyte-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes detected in vitiligo patients are related to disease activity and are predominantly directed against MelanA\/MART1. J Invest Dermatol 2001; 116: 891\u2013897.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"BF6364243_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.188.6.1203","volume":"188","author":"GS Ogg","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ogg GS, Dunbar PR, Romero P, Chen J-L, Cerundolo V . High frequency of skin-homing melanocyte-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in autoimmune vitiligo. J Exp Med 1998; 188: 1203\u20131208.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF6364243_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2001.01408.x","volume":"117","author":"B Palermo","year":"2001","unstructured":"Palermo B, Campanelli R, Garbelli S et al. Specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses against MelanA\/MART1, tyrosinase and Gp100 in vitiligo by the use of major histocompatibility complex\/peptide tetramers: the role of cellular immunity in the etiopathogenesis of vitiligo. J Invest Dermatol 2001; 117: 326\u2013332.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"BF6364243_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1999.02610.x","volume":"140","author":"EH Kemp","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kemp EH, Ajjan RA, Waterman EA et al. Analysis of a cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) gene polymorphism in patients with vitiligo. Br J Dermatol 1999; 140: 73\u201378.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"BF6364243_CR11","first-page":"231","volume":"14","author":"WT McCormack","year":"2001","unstructured":"McCormack WT, Bradley CA, Kristensen DL, She JX . Genetics of vitiligo susceptibility: association studies of immune response genes. Pigment Cell Res 2001; 14: 231.","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Res"},{"key":"BF6364243_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0749.2004.00196.x","volume":"18","author":"A Blomhoff","year":"2005","unstructured":"Blomhoff A, Kemp EH, Gawkrodger DJ et al. CTLA4 polymorphisms are associated with vitiligo in patients with concomitant autoimmune diseases. Pigment Cell Res 2005; 18: 55\u201358.","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Res"},{"key":"BF6364243_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/11.6.661","volume":"11","author":"A Alkhateeb","year":"2001","unstructured":"Alkhateeb A, Stetler GL, Old W et al. Mapping of an autoimmunity susceptibility locus (AIS1) to chromosome 1p31.3\u2013p32.2. Hum Mol Genet 2001; 11: 661\u2013667.","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"BF6364243_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1086\/375451","volume":"72","author":"PR Fain","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fain PR, Gowan K, LaBerge GS et al. A genomewide screen for generalized vitiligo: confirmation of AIS1 on chromosome 1p31 and evidence for additional susceptibility loci. Am J Hum Genet 2003; 72: 1560\u20131564.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"BF6364243_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1086\/381134","volume":"74","author":"RA Spritz","year":"2004","unstructured":"Spritz RA, Gowan K, Bennett DC, Fain PR . Novel vitiligo susceptibility loci on chromosomes 7 (ASI2) and 8 (ASI3), confirmation of SLEV1 on chromosome 17, and their roles in an autoimmune diathesis. Am J Hum Genet 2004; 74: 188\u2013191.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"BF6364243_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2001.04288.x","volume":"145","author":"M Zamani","year":"2001","unstructured":"Zamani M, Spaepen M, Sghar SS et al. Linkage and association of HLA class II genes with vitiligo in a Dutch population. Br J Dermatol 2001; 145: 90\u201394.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"BF6364243_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0749.2004.00141.x","volume":"17","author":"HB Tastan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tastan HB, Akak A, Orkunoglu FE, Arca E, Inal A . Association of HLA class I antigens and HLA class II alleles with vitiligo in a Turkish population. Pigment Cell Res 2004; 17: 181\u2013184.","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Res"},{"key":"BF6364243_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1323","volume":"36","author":"N Bottini","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bottini N, Musumeci L, Alonso A et al. A functional variant of lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase is associated with type I diabetes. Nat Genet 2004; 36: 337\u2013338.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"BF6364243_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3020","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.53.11.3020","volume":"53","author":"D Smyth","year":"2004","unstructured":"Smyth D, Cooper JD, Collins JE et al. Replication of an association between the lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase locus (LYP\/PTPN22) with type 1 diabetes, and evidence for its role as a general autoimmunity locus. Diabetes 2004; 53: 3020\u20133023.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"BF6364243_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6364138","volume":"5","author":"S Onengut-Gumuscu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Onengut-Gumuscu S, Ewens KG, Spielman RS, Concannon P . A functional polymorphism (1858C\/T) in the PTPN22 gene is linked and associated with type I diabetes in multiplex families. Genes Immun 2004; 5: 678\u2013680.","journal-title":"Genes Immun"},{"key":"BF6364243_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2004.09.016","volume":"66","author":"MB Ladner","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ladner MB, Bottini N, Valdes AM, Noble JA . Association of the single nucleotide polymorphism C1858T of the PTPN22 gene with type 1 diabetes. Hum Immunol 2005; 66: 60\u201364.","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"BF6364243_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5862","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1108","volume":"89","author":"MR Velaga","year":"2004","unstructured":"Velaga MR, Wilson V, Jennings CE et al. The codon 620 tryptophan allele of the lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase (LYP) gene is a major determinant of Graves' disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89: 5862\u20135865.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"BF6364243_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1086\/423790","volume":"75","author":"C Kyogoku","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kyogoku C, Langefeld CD, Ortmann WA et al. Genetic association of the R620W polymorphism of protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN22 with human SLE. Am J Hum Genet 2004; 75: 504\u2013507.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"BF6364243_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20771","volume":"52","author":"G Orozco","year":"2005","unstructured":"Orozco G, Sanchez E, Gonzalez-Gay MA et al. Association of a functional single-nucleotide polymorphism of PTPN22, encoding lymphoid protein phosphatase, with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 2005; 52: 219\u2013224.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"BF6364243_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1086\/422827","volume":"75","author":"AB Begovich","year":"2004","unstructured":"Begovich AB, Carlton VE, Honigberg LA et al. A missense single-nucleotide polymorphism in a gene encoding a protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPN22) is associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Hum Genet 2004; 75: 330\u2013337.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"BF6364243_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-472X(01)00794-9","volume":"30","author":"RJ Hill","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hill RJ, Zozulya S, Lu YL, Ward K, Gishizky M, Jallal B . The lymphoid protein tyrosine phosphatase Lyp interacts with the adaptor molecule Grb2 and functions as a negative regulator of T cell activation. Exp Hematol 2002; 30: 237\u2013244.","journal-title":"Exp Hematol"},{"key":"BF6364243_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4909","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00871.x","volume":"15","author":"JF Cloutier","year":"1996","unstructured":"Cloutier JF, Veillette A . Association of inhibitory tyrosine protein kinase p50csk with protein tyrosine phosphatase PEP in T cells and other hemopoietic cells. EMBO J 1996; 15: 4909\u20134918.","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"BF6364243_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7990","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1208074","volume":"23","author":"EH Palacios","year":"2004","unstructured":"Palacios EH, Weiss A . Function of the Src-family kinases, Lck and Fyn in T-cell development and activation. Oncogene 2004; 23: 7990\u20138000.","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"BF6364243_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1092138","volume":"303","author":"K Hasegawa","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hasegawa K, Martin F, Huang G, Tumas D, Diehl L, Chan AC . PEST domain-enriched tyrosine phosphatase (PEP) regulation of effector\/memory T cells. Science 2004; 303: 685\u2013689.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF6364243_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1097\/00002371-199601000-00009","volume":"19","author":"SA Rosenberg","year":"1996","unstructured":"Rosenberg SA, White DE . Vitiligo in patients with melanoma: normal tissue antigens can be targets for cancer immunotherapy. J Immunother Emphasis Tumor Immunol 1996; 19: 81\u201384.","journal-title":"J Immunother Emphasis Tumor Immunol"},{"key":"BF6364243_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1998.00411.x","volume":"111","author":"T Okamoto","year":"1998","unstructured":"Okamoto T, Irie RF, Fujii S et al. Anti-tyrosinase-related protein-2 immune response in vitiligo patients and melanoma patients receiving active-specific immunotherapy. J Invest Dermatol 1998; 111: 1034\u20131039.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"BF6364243_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.11.1637","volume":"192","author":"C Yee","year":"2000","unstructured":"Yee C, Thompson JA, Roche P et al. Melanocyte destruction after antigen-specific immunotherapy of melanoma: direct evidence of T cell-mediated vitiligo. J Exp Med 2000; 192: 1637\u20131644.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF6364243_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2982","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.6.2982","volume":"96","author":"WW Overwijk","year":"1999","unstructured":"Overwijk WW, Lee DS, Surman DR et al. Vaccination with a recombinant vaccinia virus encoding a \u2018self\u2019 antigen induces autoimmune vitiligo and tumor cell destruction in mice: requirement for CD4(+) T lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999; 96: 2982\u20132987.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BF6364243_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12461505","volume":"90","author":"DA Norris","year":"1988","unstructured":"Norris DA, Kissinger RM, Naughton GK, Bystryn J-C . Evidence for immunologic mechanisms in human vitiligo: patients' sera induce damage to human melanocytes in vitro by complement-mediated damage and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. J Invest Dermatol 1988; 90: 783\u2013789.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"BF6364243_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12324456","volume":"105","author":"A Gilhar","year":"1995","unstructured":"Gilhar A, Zelickson B, Ulman Y, Etzioni A . In vivo destruction of melanocytes by the IgG fraction of serum from patients with vitiligo. J Invest Dermatol 1995; 105: 683\u2013686.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"BF6364243_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1297-393","volume":"17","author":"K Nagamine","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nagamine K, Peterson P, Scott HS et al. Positional cloning of the APECED gene. Nat Genet 1997; 17: 393\u2013398.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"BF6364243_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1038\/ni0901-802","volume":"2","author":"A Wandstrat","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wandstrat A, Wakeland E . The genetics of complex autoimmune diseases: non-MHC susceptibility genes. Nat Immunol 2001; 2: 802\u2013809.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"BF6364243_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.1955.tb01348.x","volume":"19","author":"B Woolf","year":"1955","unstructured":"Woolf B . On estimating the relation between blood group and disease. Ann Hum Genet 1955; 19: 251\u2013253.","journal-title":"Ann Hum Genet"}],"container-title":["Genes &amp; Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/6364243.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/6364243","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/6364243.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]],"date-time":"2022-03-22T20:27:23Z","timestamp":1647980843000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/6364243"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,14]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,1]]}},"alternative-id":["BF6364243"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.gene.6364243","relation":{},"ISSN":["1466-4879","1476-5470"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1466-4879","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5470","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 May 2005","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 June 2005","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 June 2005","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 July 2005","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}