{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T13:46:06Z","timestamp":1775742366787,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,15]],"date-time":"2004-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1074124800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,15]],"date-time":"2004-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1074124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gene Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,1]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3302203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,15]],"date-time":"2004-01-15T10:19:35Z","timestamp":1074161975000},"page":"360-367","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Spine fusion by gene therapy"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"ST","family":"Yoon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"SD","family":"Boden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"BF3302203_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-196807000-00007","volume":"59","author":"AF DePalma","year":"1968","unstructured":"DePalma AF, Rothman RH . The nature of pseudarthrosis. Clin Orthop 1968; 59: 113\u2013118.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199211000-00011","volume":"284","author":"JC Steinmann","year":"1992","unstructured":"Steinmann JC, Herkowitz HN . Pseudarthrosis of the spine. Clin Orthop 1992; 284: 80\u201390.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.69B1.3818739","volume":"49-B","author":"A Zoma","year":"1987","unstructured":"Zoma A et al. Surgical stabilisation of the rheumatoid cervical spine: a review of indications and results. J Bone Joint Surg 1987; 49-B: 8\u201312.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197557030-00012","volume":"57-A","author":"DC Ferlic","year":"1975","unstructured":"Ferlic DC et al. Surgical treatment of the symptomatic unstable cervical spine in rheumatoid arthritis. J Bone Joint Surg 1975; 57-A: 349\u2013354.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198163080-00003","volume":"63-A","author":"JP Conaty","year":"1981","unstructured":"Conaty JP, Mongan ES . Cervical fusion in rheumatoid arthritis. J Bone Joint Surg 1981; 63-A: 1218\u20131227.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199173080-00006","volume":"73-A","author":"JL West III","year":"1991","unstructured":"West III JL, Bradford DS, Ogilvie JW . Results of spinal arthrodesis with pedicle screw plate fixation. J Bone Joint Surg 1991; 73-A: 1179\u20131184.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-199306060-00001","volume":"6","author":"KH Bridwell","year":"1993","unstructured":"Bridwell KH et al. The role of fusion and instrumentation in the treatment of degenerative spondylolisthesis with spinal stenosis. J Spinal Disord 1993; 6: 461\u2013472.","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199309000-00015","volume":"18","author":"RA McGuire","year":"1993","unstructured":"McGuire RA, Amundson GM . The use of primary internal fixation in spondylolisthesis. Spine 1993; 18: 1662\u20131672.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199306150-00006","volume":"18","author":"TA Zdeblick","year":"1993","unstructured":"Zdeblick TA . A prospective, randomized study of lumbar fusion: Preliminary results. Spine 1993; 18: 983\u2013991.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S261","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199106001-00017","volume":"16","author":"AE Brodsky","year":"1991","unstructured":"Brodsky AE, Kovalsky ES, Khalil MA . Correlation of radiographic assessment of lumbar spine fusions with surgical exploration. Spine 1991; 16: S261\u2013S265.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S336","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199810001-00033","volume":"355S","author":"Scott D. Boden","year":"1998","unstructured":"Boden SD . Bone repair and enhancement clinical trial design. Spine applications. Clin Orthop 1998: S336\u2013S346.","journal-title":"Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1998","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199409000-00023","volume":"19","author":"JH Schimandle","year":"1994","unstructured":"Schimandle JH, Boden SD . The use of animal models to study spinal fusion. Spine 1994; 19: 1998\u20132006.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199502001-00003","volume":"20","author":"SD Boden","year":"1995","unstructured":"Boden SD, Schimandle JH, Hutton WC . An experimental lumbar intertransverse process spinal fusion model: radiographic, histologic, and biomechanical healing characteristics. Spine 1995; 20: 412\u2013420.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1126\/science.150.3698.893","volume":"150","author":"MR Urist","year":"1965","unstructured":"Urist MR . Bone: formation by autoinduction. Science 1965; 150: 893\u2013899.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345710500060601","volume":"50","author":"MR Urist","year":"1971","unstructured":"Urist MR, Strates BS . Bone morphogenetic protein. J Dent Res Suppl 1971; 50: 1392\u20131406.","journal-title":"J Dent Res Suppl"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00703435","volume":"117","author":"JOC Teixeira","year":"1998","unstructured":"Teixeira JOC, Urist MR . Bone morphogenetic protein induced repair of compartmentalized segmental diaphyseal defects. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 1998; 117: 27\u201334.","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199204000-00028","volume":"277","author":"EE Johnson","year":"1992","unstructured":"Johnson EE, Urist MR, Finerman GAM . Resistant nonunions and partial or complete segmental defects of long bones: treatment with implants of a composite of human bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and autolyzed, antigen-extracted, allogeneic (AAA) bone. Clin Orthop 1992; 277: 229\u2013237.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198805000-00031","volume":"230","author":"EE Johnson","year":"1988","unstructured":"Johnson EE, Urist MR, Finerman GAM . Bone morphogenetic protein augmentation grafting of resistant femoral nonunions: a preliminary report. Clin Orthop 1988; 230: 257\u2013265.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3201241","volume":"242","author":"JM Wozney","year":"1988","unstructured":"Wozney JM et al. Novel regulators of bone formation: molecular clones and activities. Science 1988; 242: 1528\u20131534.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1990.tb07376.x","volume":"9","author":"E Ozkaynak","year":"1990","unstructured":"Ozkaynak E et al. OP-1 cDNA encodes an osteogenic protein in the TGF-b family. Eur Mol Biol Organ J 1990; 9: 2085\u20132093.","journal-title":"Eur Mol Biol Organ J"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7109","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.20.7109","volume":"84","author":"TK Sampath","year":"1987","unstructured":"Sampath TK, Muthukumaran N, Reddi AH . Isolation of osteogenin, an extracellular matrix-associated, bone-inductive protein, by heparin affinity chromatography. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1987; 84: 7109\u20137113.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2633","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199512150-00004","volume":"20","author":"SD Boden","year":"1995","unstructured":"Boden SD, Schimandle JH, Hutton WC . 1995 Volvo Award in Basic Sciences. The use of an osteoinductive growth factor for lumbar spinal fusion. Part II: study of dose, carrier, and species. Spine 1995; 20: 2633\u20132644.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR23","first-page":"179","volume":"12","author":"GJ Martin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Martin GJ et al. Posterolateral intertransverse process spinal fusion arthrodesis with rhBMP-2 in a non-human primate-Important lessons learned regarding dose, carrier, and safety. J Spinal Disord 1999; 12: 179\u2013186.","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-199804000-00001","volume":"11","author":"SD Boden","year":"1998","unstructured":"Boden SD et al. Laparoscopic anterior spinal arthrodesis with rhBMP-2 in a titanium interbody threaded cage. J Spinal Disord 1998; 11: 95\u2013101.","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR25","first-page":"118","volume":"21","author":"SD Boden","year":"1996","unstructured":"Boden SD, Schimandle JH, Hutton WC . Evaluation of a bovine-derived osteoinductive bone protein in a non-human primate model of lumbar spinal fusion. Trans Orthop Res Soc 1996; 21: 118.","journal-title":"Trans Orthop Res Soc"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200002010-00020","volume":"25","author":"SD Boden","year":"2000","unstructured":"Boden SD et al. The use of rhBMP-2 in interbody fusion cages. Definitive evidence of osteoinduction in humans: a preliminary report. Spine 2000; 25: 376\u2013381.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S66","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200208151-00014","volume":"27","author":"B McKay","year":"2002","unstructured":"McKay B, Sandhu HS . Use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 in spinal fusion applications. Spine 2002; 27: S66\u2013S85.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S59","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200208151-00013","volume":"27","author":"AR Vaccaro","year":"2002","unstructured":"Vaccaro AR, Anderson DG, Toth CA . Recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 (bone morphogenetic protein-7) as an osteoinductive agent in spinal fusion. Spine 2002; 27: S59\u2013S65.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S50","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200208151-00012","volume":"27","author":"CJ Damien","year":"2002","unstructured":"Damien CJ et al. Purified bovine BMP extract and collagen for spine arthrodesis: preclinical safety and efficacy. Spine 2002; 27: S50\u2013S58.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(02)00011-6","volume":"20","author":"J Louis-Ugbo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Louis-Ugbo J et al. Retention of 125I-labeled recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein- 2 by biphasic calcium phosphate or a composite sponge in a rabbit posterolateral spine arthrodesis model. J Orthop Res 2002; 20: 1050\u20131059.","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR31","first-page":"172","volume":"65","author":"GF Muschler","year":"1998","unstructured":"Muschler GF et al. Treatment of established tibial nonunions using recombinant osteogenic protein-1. Trans Am Acad Orthop Surg 1998; 65: 172\u2013173.","journal-title":"Trans Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679908997842","volume":"70","author":"C Jeppsson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Jeppsson C et al. OP-1 for cervical spine fusion: bridging bone in only 1 of 4 rheumatoid patients but prednisolone did not inhibit bone induction in rats. Acta Orthop Scand 1999; 70: 559\u2013563.","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/s005860050210","volume":"8","author":"M Laursen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Laursen M et al. Recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-7 as an intracorporal bone growth stimulator in unstable thoracolumbar burst fractures in humans: preliminary results. Eur Spine J 1999; 8: 485\u2013490.","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5753","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.12.5753","volume":"93","author":"J Fang","year":"1996","unstructured":"Fang J et al. Stimulation of new bone formation by direct transfer of osteogenic plasmid genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996; 93: 5753\u20135758.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100160309","volume":"16","author":"JR Lieberman","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lieberman JR et al. Regional gene therapy with a BMP-2-producing murine stromal cell line induces heterotopic and orthotopic bone formation in rodents. Journal of Orthopaedic Research 1998; 16: 330\u2013339.","journal-title":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"BF3302203_CR36","first-page":"S99","volume":"83-A","author":"Y Okubo","year":"2001","unstructured":"Okubo Y et al. In vitro and in vivo studies of a bone morphogenetic protein-2 expressing adenoviral vector. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2001; 83-A (Suppl 1): S99\u2013104.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1177\/096368970000900403","volume":"9","author":"P Bosch","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bosch P et al. The efficiency of muscle-derived cell-mediated bone formation. Cell Transplant 2000; 9: 463\u2013470.","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.84B1.11708","volume":"84","author":"DS Musgrave","year":"2002","unstructured":"Musgrave DS et al. Human skeletal muscle cells in ex vivo gene therapy to deliver bone morphogenetic protein-2. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2002; 84: 120\u2013127.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100170108","volume":"17","author":"J Lou","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lou J et al. Gene therapy: adenovirus-mediated human bone morphogenetic protein-2 gene transfer induces mesenchymal progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro and bone formation in vivo. J Orthop Res 1999; 17: 43\u201350.","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2002.6623","volume":"292","author":"K Partridge","year":"2002","unstructured":"Partridge K et al. Adenoviral BMP-2 gene transfer in mesenchymal stem cells: in vitro and in vivo bone formation on biodegradable polymer scaffolds. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 292: 144\u2013152.","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200107000-00008","volume":"83-A","author":"JY Lee","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lee JY et al. Effect of bone morphogenetic protein-2-expressing muscle-derived cells on healing of critical-sized bone defects in mice. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2001; 83-A: 1032\u20131039.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1089\/104303402320138989","volume":"13","author":"JY Lee","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lee JY et al. Enhancement of bone healing based on ex vivo gene therapy using human muscle-derived cells expressing bone morphogenetic protein 2. Hum Gene Ther 2002; 13: 1201\u20131211.","journal-title":"Hum Gene Ther"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1006\/mthe.2001.0291","volume":"3","author":"IK Moutsatsos","year":"2001","unstructured":"Moutsatsos IK et al. Exogenously regulated stem cell-mediated gene therapy for bone regeneration. Mol Ther 2001; 3: 449\u2013461.","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-2254(199903\/04)1:2<121::AID-JGM26>3.0.CO;2-J","volume":"1","author":"D Gazit","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gazit D et al. Engineered pluripotent mesenchymal cells integrate and differentiate in regenerating bone: a novel cell-mediated gene therapy. J Gene Med 1999; 1: 121\u2013133.","journal-title":"J Gene Med"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199907000-00002","volume":"81-A","author":"JR Lieberman","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lieberman JR et al. The effect of regional gene therapy with bone morphogenetic protein-2-producing bone-marrow cells on repair of segmental femoral defects in rats. J Bone Joint Surg 1999; 81-A: 905\u2013917.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1007\/s002239900540","volume":"63","author":"KD Riew","year":"1998","unstructured":"Riew KD et al. Induction of bone formation using a recombinant adenoviral vector carrying the human BMP-2 gene in a rabbit spinal fusion model. Calcif Tissue Int 1998; 63: 357\u2013360.","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4644(20000901)78:3<476::AID-JCB12>3.0.CO;2-5","volume":"78","author":"RT Franceschi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Franceschi RT et al. Gene therapy for bone formation: in vitro and in vivo osteogenic activity of an adenovirus expressing BMP7. J Cell Biochem 2000; 78: 476\u2013486.","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1089\/107632702760184709","volume":"8","author":"RB Rutherford","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rutherford RB et al. Bone morphogenetic protein-transduced human fibroblasts convert to osteoblasts and form bone in vivo. Tissue Eng 2002; 8: 441\u2013452.","journal-title":"Tissue Eng"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-199905000-00005","volume":"42","author":"AS Breitbart","year":"1999","unstructured":"Breitbart AS et al. Gene-enhanced tissue engineering: applications for bone healing using cultured periosteal cells transduced retrovirally with the BMP-7 gene. Ann Plast Surg 1999; 42: 488\u2013495.","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200211000-00020","volume":"51","author":"RJ Dumont","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dumont RJ et al. Ex vivo bone morphogenetic protein-9 gene therapy using human mesenchymal stem cells induces spinal fusion in rodents. Neurosurgery 2002; 51: 1239\u20131245.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(99)00086-1","volume":"24","author":"DS Musgrave","year":"1999","unstructured":"Musgrave DS et al. Adenovirus-mediated direct gene therapy with bone morophogenetic protein-2 produces bone. Bone 1999; 24: 541\u2013547.","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2245","DOI":"10.1089\/10430349950017220","volume":"10","author":"TD Alden","year":"1999","unstructured":"Alden TD et al. In vivo endochondral bone formation using a bone morphogenetic protein 2 adenoviral vector. Hum Gene Ther 1999; 10: 2245\u20132253.","journal-title":"Hum Gene Ther"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-200011010-00005","volume":"11","author":"TD Alden","year":"2000","unstructured":"Alden TD et al. The use of bone morphogenetic protein gene therapy in craniofacial bone repair. J Craniofac Surg 2000; 11: 24\u201330.","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1999.90.1.0109","volume":"90","author":"TD Alden","year":"1999","unstructured":"Alden TD et al. Percutaneous spinal fusion using bone morphogenetic protein-2 gene therapy. J Neurosurg 1999; 90 (Spine 1): 109\u2013114.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2626","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199512150-00003","volume":"20","author":"SD Boden","year":"1995","unstructured":"Boden SD et al. 1995 Volvo Award in Basic Sciences. The use of an osteoinductive growth factor for lumbar spinal fusion. Part I: the biology of spinal fusion. Spine 1995; 20: 2626\u20132632.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102S","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199512151-00006","volume":"20","author":"SD Boden","year":"1995","unstructured":"Boden SD, Sumner DR . Biologic factors affecting spinal fusion and bone regeneration. Spine 1995; 20: 102S\u2013112S.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S115","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1997.12.10.1691","volume":"12","author":"Y Liu","year":"1997","unstructured":"Liu Y et al. BMP-6 induces a novel LIM protein involved in bone mineralization and osteocalcin secretion. J Bone Min Res 1997; 12: S115.","journal-title":"J Bone Min Res"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9525(98)01424-3","volume":"14","author":"IB Dawid","year":"1998","unstructured":"Dawid IB, Breen JJ, Toyama R . LIM domains: multiple roles as adapters and functional modifiers in protein interactions. Trends Genet 1998; 14: 156\u2013162.","journal-title":"Trends Genet"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.mi.49.100195.004111","volume":"49","author":"AE Smith","year":"1995","unstructured":"Smith AE . Viral vectors in gene therapy. Annu Rev Microbiol 1995; 49: 807\u2013838.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3410","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.9.3410","volume":"87","author":"E Wagner","year":"1990","unstructured":"Wagner E et al. Transferrin-polycation conjugates as carriers for DNA uptake into cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990; 87: 3410\u20133414.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s001670050147","volume":"7","author":"AWA Baltzer","year":"1999","unstructured":"Baltzer AWA et al. A gene therapy approach to accelerating bone healing. Evaluation of gene expression in a New Zealand white rabbit model. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 1999; 7: 197\u2013202.","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10732","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.22.10732","volume":"91","author":"RJ Guzman","year":"1994","unstructured":"Guzman RJ et al. In vivo suppression of injury-induced vascular smooth muscle cell accumulation using adenovirus-mediated transfer of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994; 91: 10732\u201310736.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.3109\/10428199809050904","volume":"29","author":"T Watanabe","year":"1998","unstructured":"Watanabe T et al. Enhancement of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer to human bone marrow cells. Leukemia Lymphoma 1998; 29: 439\u2013451.","journal-title":"Leukemia Lymphoma"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10222","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.12.10222-10226.1998","volume":"72","author":"W Xiao","year":"1998","unstructured":"Xiao W et al. Adeno-associated virus as a vector for liver-directed gene therapy. J Virol 1998; 72: 10222\u201310226.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6641","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.71.9.6641-6649.1997","volume":"71","author":"U Blomer","year":"1997","unstructured":"Blomer U et al. Highly efficient and sustained gene transfer in adult neurons with a lentivirus vector. J Virol 1997; 71: 6641\u20136649.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2261","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.1997.8.18-2261","volume":"10","author":"MJ Goldman","year":"1997","unstructured":"Goldman MJ et al. Lentiviral vectors for gene therapy of cystic fibrosis. Hum Gene Ther 1997; 10: 2261\u20132268.","journal-title":"Hum Gene Ther"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5125","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.139.12.6392","volume":"139","author":"SD Boden","year":"1998","unstructured":"Boden SD et al. LMP-1, A LIM-domain protein, mediates BMP-6 effects on bone formation. Endocrinology 1998; 139: 5125\u20135134.","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2486","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199812010-00003","volume":"23","author":"SD Boden","year":"1998","unstructured":"Boden SD et al. 1998 Volvo Award in Basic Sciences: lumbar spine fusion by local gene therapy with a cDNA encoding a novel osteoinductive protein (LMP-1). Spine 1998; 23: 2486\u20132492.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200103000-00008","volume":"83-A","author":"M Viggeswarapu","year":"2001","unstructured":"Viggeswarapu M et al. Adenoviral delivery of LIM mineralization protein-1 induces new-bone formation in vitro and in vivo. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2001; 83-A: 364\u2013376.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5233","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/9.20.5233","volume":"9","author":"M Kozak","year":"1981","unstructured":"Kozak M . Possible role of flanking nucleotides in recognition of the AUG initiator codon by eukaryotic ribosomes. Nucleic Acids Res 1981; 9: 5233\u20135262.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/12.2.857","volume":"12","author":"M Kozak","year":"1984","unstructured":"Kozak M . Compilation and analysis of sequences upstream from the translational start site in eukaryotic mRNAs. Nucleic Acids Res 1984; 12: 857\u2013872.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(87)90418-9","volume":"196","author":"M Kozak","year":"1987","unstructured":"Kozak M . At least six nucleotides preceding the AUG initiator codon enhance translation in mammalian cells. J Mol Biol 1987; 196: 947\u2013950.","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8301","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.21.8301","volume":"87","author":"M Kozak","year":"1987","unstructured":"Kozak M . Downstream secondary structure facilitates recognition of initiator codons by eukaryotic ribosomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1987; 87: 8301\u20138305.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2482","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/16.9.2482","volume":"16","author":"M Kozak","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kozak M . Recognition of AUG and alternative initiator codons is augmented by G in position +4 but is not generally affected by the nucleotides in positions +5 and +6. EMBO J 1997; 16: 2482\u20132492.","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"BF3302203_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200202150-00006","volume":"27","author":"DY Suh","year":"2002","unstructured":"Suh DY et al. Delivery of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) using a compression resistant matrix in posterolateral spine fusion in the rabbit and non-human primate. Spine 2002; 27: 353\u2013360.","journal-title":"Spine"}],"container-title":["Gene Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/3302203.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/3302203","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/3302203.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]],"date-time":"2022-03-30T02:16:52Z","timestamp":1648606612000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/3302203"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,15]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,1]]}},"alternative-id":["BF3302203"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.gt.3302203","relation":{},"ISSN":["0969-7128","1476-5462"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0969-7128","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5462","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 January 2004","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}