{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T12:11:18Z","timestamp":1790424678645,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,8]],"date-time":"2008-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1199750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Immunol Cell Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> is the most common cause of community\u2010acquired pneumonia and a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. It has been a major research priority to identify gene polymorphisms responsible for\/associated with susceptibility and severity of <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> infection to gain a better understanding of host genetic variants and their influence and clinical relevance to pneumococcal infections. In the present study, polymorphisms in several candidate genes, including TLR2\u2010Arg\/Gln753, TLR4\u2010Asp\/Gly299, TLR4\u2010Thr\/Ile399, CD14\u2010159C\/T and Fc\u03b3RIIA\u2010R\/H131, were examined in 85 children with pneumococcal sepsis as an invasive pneumococcal disease and 409 healthy blood donors as controls. The prevalence of the TLR4\u2010299\/399 polymorphisms was significantly lower in the patient population than in controls (4 vs 11%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05; odds ratio (OR) 0.3; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.1\u20131), while the prevalence of the CD14\u2010159CC and Fc\u03b3RIIA\u2010R\/R131 genotypes was significantly higher (35 vs 25%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05; OR 1.7; 95% CI 1\u20132.8 and 39 vs 21%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001; OR 2.5; 95% CI 1.4\u20134, respectively). Further, only 35% of patients carried either low\u2010risk genotypes or protective genotypes in contrast to 61% of controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.0001; OR 2.8; 95% CI 1.7\u20134.6). We conclude that genetic variability in the TLR4, CD14 and Fc\u03b3RIIA genes is associated with an increased risk of developing invasive disease in patients who are infected with <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.icb.7100155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,8]],"date-time":"2008-01-08T11:37:22Z","timestamp":1199792242000},"page":"268-270","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Clinical relevance of TLR2, TLR4, CD14 and Fc\u03b3RIIA gene polymorphisms in <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/i> infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Fang Fang","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service\u2010Endeavour Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Research and Development, Research Unit of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 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Service\u2010Endeavour Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter Bruce","family":"McIntyre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergy, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, The University of Sydney Westmead New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Department of Allergy, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases Westmead New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John Stephen","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service\u2010Endeavour Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Research and Development, Research Unit of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 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