{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T07:03:43Z","timestamp":1791529423947,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"S2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,1]],"date-time":"2005-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1125532800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,1]],"date-time":"2005-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1125532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Obes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,1]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,2]],"date-time":"2006-11-02T10:46:46Z","timestamp":1162464406000},"page":"S84-S96","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":412,"title":["Physical activity and sedentary behavior: a review of longitudinal studies of weight and adiposity in youth"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"A","family":"Must","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D J","family":"Tybor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"BF0803064_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1953.33.4.472","volume":"33","author":"J Mayer","year":"1953","unstructured":"Mayer J . Genetic, traumatic and environmental factors in the etiology of obesity. Physiol Rev 1953; 33: 472\u2013508.","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/4.1.37","volume":"4","author":"ML Johnson","year":"1956","unstructured":"Johnson ML, Burke BS, Mayer J . Relative importance of inactivity and overeating in the energy balance of obese high school girls. Am J Clin Nutr 1956; 4: 37\u201344.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.22.1.337","volume":"22","author":"WH Dietz","year":"2001","unstructured":"Dietz WH, Gortmaker SL . Preventing obesity in children and adolescents. Annu Rev Public Health 2001; 22: 337\u2013353.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Public Health"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.14.2.109","volume":"14","author":"LH Epstein","year":"1995","unstructured":"Epstein LH, Valoski AM, Vera LS, McCurley J, Wisniewski L, Kalarchian MA, Klein KR, Shrager LR . Effects of decreasing sedentary behavior and increasing activity on weight change in obese children. Health Psychol 1995; 14: 109\u2013115.","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.154.3.220","volume":"154","author":"LH Epstein","year":"2000","unstructured":"Epstein LH, Paluch RA, Gordy CC, Dorn J . Decreasing sedentary behaviors in treating pediatric obesity. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2000; 154: 220\u2013226.","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.5.1043","volume":"107","author":"MS Faith","year":"2001","unstructured":"Faith MS, Berman N, Heo M, Pietrobelli A, Gallagher D, Epstein LH, Eiden MT, Allison DB . Effects of contingent television on physical activity and television viewing in obese children. Pediatrics 2001; 107: 1043\u20131048.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Campbell K, Waters E, O'Meara S, Kelly S, Summerbell C . Interventions for preventing obesity in children. Cochrane Database System Rev 2002; CD001871.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001871"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR8","first-page":"801","volume":"33","author":"D Clemmens","year":"2004","unstructured":"Clemmens D, Hayman LL . Increasing activity to reduce obesity in adolescent girls: a research review. J Obstet Gynecol 2004; 33: 801\u2013808.","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.153.4.409","volume":"153","author":"SL Gortmaker","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gortmaker SL, Peterson K, Wiecha J, Sobol AM, Dixit S, Fox MK, Laird N . Reducing obesity via a school-based interdisciplinary intervention among youth: Planet Health. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1999; 153: 409\u2013418.","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.16.1561","volume":"282","author":"TN Robinson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Robinson TN . Reducing children's television viewing to prevent obesity: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1999; 282: 1561\u20131567.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1123\/pes.6.4.302","volume":"6","author":"JF Sallis","year":"1994","unstructured":"Sallis JF, Patrick K . Physical activity guidelines for adolescents. Pediatr Exerc Sci 1994; 6: 302\u2013314.","journal-title":"Pediatr Exerc Sci"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1080\/030144600419314","volume":"27","author":"AV Rowlands","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rowlands AV, Ingledew DK, Eston RG . The effect of type of physical activity measure on the relationship between body fatness and habitual physical activity in children: a meta-analysis. Ann Hum Biol 2000; 27: 479\u2013497.","journal-title":"Ann Hum Biol"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S526","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199911001-00007","volume":"31","author":"M Pratt","year":"1999","unstructured":"Pratt M, Macera CA, Curtis B . Levels of physical activity and inactivity in children and adults in the United States: current evidence and research issues. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1999; 31: S526\u2013S533.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR14","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services. Physical activity and health: a report of the Surgeon General. US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service: Atlanta, GA; 1999."},{"key":"BF0803064_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1994.02170110017003","volume":"148","author":"G Heath","year":"1994","unstructured":"Heath G, Pratt M, Warren C, Kann L . Physical activity patterns in American high school students. results from the 1990 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1994; 148: 1131\u20131136.","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa003277","volume":"347","author":"SYS Kimm","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kimm SYS, Glynn NW, Kriska AM, Barton BA, Kronsberg SS, Daniels SR, Crawford PB, Sabry ZI, Liu K . Decline in physical activity in black girls and white girls during adolescence. N Engl J Med 2002; 347: 709\u2013715.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/81.5.1102","volume":"81","author":"J Spadano","year":"2005","unstructured":"Spadano J, Bandini L, Must A, Dallal G, Dietz WH . Longitudinal changes in energy expenditure in girls from late childhood through midadolescence. Am J Clin Nutr 2005; 81: 1102\u20131109.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200202000-00025","volume":"34","author":"SG Trost","year":"2002","unstructured":"Trost SG, Pate RR, Sallis JF, Freedson PS, Taylor WC, Dowda M, Sirard J . Age and gender differences in objectively measured physical activity in youth. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2002; 34: 350\u2013355.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200009000-00013","volume":"32","author":"CJ Caspersen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Caspersen CJ, Pereira MA, Curran KM . Changes in physical activity patterns in the United States, by sex and cross-sectional age. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000; 32: 1601\u20131609.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1080\/10408399309527639","volume":"33","author":"JF Sallis","year":"1993","unstructured":"Sallis JF . Epidemiology of physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 1993; 33: 403\u2013408.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR21","first-page":"30","volume-title":"New possibilities, new paradigms?","author":"R Malina","year":"1991","unstructured":"Malina R . Fitness and performance: adult health and the culture of youth, new paradigms?. In: Park RJ, Eckert MH (eds). New possibilities, new paradigms?. Human Kinetics Publishers: Champaign, IL; 1991. pp 30\u201338."},{"key":"BF0803064_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S59","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.2000.11082788","volume":"71","author":"GJ Welk","year":"2000","unstructured":"Welk GJ, Corbin CB, Dale D . Measurement issues in the assessment of physical activity in children. Res Quart Exerc Sports 2000; 71: S59\u2013S73.","journal-title":"Res Quart Exerc Sports"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200131060-00004","volume":"31","author":"JR Sirard","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sirard JR, Pate RR . Physical activity assessment in children and adolescents. Sports Med 2001; 31: 439\u2013454.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1097\/00003677-200101000-00007","volume":"29","author":"SG Trost","year":"2001","unstructured":"Trost SG . Objective measurement of physical activity in youth: current issues, future directions. Exercise Sport Sci Rev 2001; 29: 32\u201336.","journal-title":"Exercise Sport Sci Rev"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200002000-00025","volume":"32","author":"SG Trost","year":"2000","unstructured":"Trost SG, Pate RR, Freedson PS, Sallis JF, Taylor WC . Using objective physical activity measures with youth: How many days of monitoring are needed? Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000; 32: 426\u2013431.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR26","volume-title":"Eating disorders and obesity","author":"JF Sallis","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sallis JF, Zabinski MF . Measurement of physical activity. In: Fairburn CG, Brownell KD (eds). Eating disorders and obesity 2nd edn. Guilford: New York; 2002."},{"key":"BF0803064_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802543","volume":"28","author":"SE Anderson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Anderson SE, Bandini LG, Dietz WH, Must A . Relationship between temperament, nonresting energy expenditure, body composition, and physical activity in girls. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2004; 28: 300\u2013306.","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802844","volume":"29","author":"SE Anderson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Anderson SE, Bandini LG, Must A . Child temperament does not predict adolescent body composition in girls. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2005; 29: 47\u201353.","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS19960082","volume":"55","author":"WH Dietz","year":"1996","unstructured":"Dietz WH . The role of lifestyle in health: the epidemiology and consequences of inactivity. Proc Nutr Soc 1996; 55: 829\u2013840.","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/59.3.556","volume":"59","author":"WH Dietz","year":"1994","unstructured":"Dietz WH, Bandini LG, Morelli JA, Peers KF, Ching PLYH . Effect of sedentary activities on resting metabolic rate. Am J Clin Nutr 1994; 59: 556\u2013559.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR31","first-page":"1034","volume":"145","author":"KR Segal","year":"1991","unstructured":"Segal KR, Dietz WH . Physiologic responses to playing a video game. Am J Dis Child 1991; 145: 1034\u20131036.","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199301000-00011","volume":"25","author":"BE Ainsworth","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ainsworth BE, Haskell WL, Leon AS, Jacobs DRJ, Montoye HJ, Sallis JF, Paffenbarger RSJ . Compendium of physical activities: classification of energy costs of human physical activities. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1993; 25: 71\u201380.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.2307\/1602693","volume":"10","author":"KC Montgomery","year":"2000","unstructured":"Montgomery KC . Children's media culture in the new millennium: mapping the digital landscape. Future Child 2000; 10: 145\u2013167.","journal-title":"Future Child"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/75.6.971","volume":"75","author":"Y Wang","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wang Y, Monteiro C, Popkin BM . Trends of obesity and underweight in older children and adolescents in the United States, Brazil, China, and Russia. Am J Clin Nutr 2002; 75: 971\u2013977.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a117747","volume":"142","author":"LL Moore","year":"1995","unstructured":"Moore LL, Nguyen U-S, Rotman KJ, Cupples LA, Ellison RC . Preschool physical activity level and change in body fatness in young children. The Framingham Children's Study. Am J Epidemiol 1995; 142: 982\u2013988.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.2307\/1130249","volume":"56","author":"DR Anderson","year":"1985","unstructured":"Anderson DR, Field DE, Collins PA, Lorch EP, Nathan JG . Estimates of young children's time with television: a methodological comparison of parent reports with time-lapse video home observation. Child Dev 1985; 56: 1345\u20131357.","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1080\/08838159909364507","volume":"43","author":"DLG Borzekowski","year":"1999","unstructured":"Borzekowski DLG, Robinson TN . Viewing the viewers: ten video cases of children's television viewing behaviors. J Broadcast Electron Media 1999; 43: 506\u2013528.","journal-title":"J Broadcast Electron Media"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2004.109","volume":"12","author":"N Stettler","year":"2004","unstructured":"Stettler N, Signer TM, Suter PM . Electronic games and environmental factors associated with childhood obesity in Switzerland. Obes Res 2004; 12: 896\u2013903.","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR39","volume-title":"Report # 7251","author":"DF Roberts","year":"2005","unstructured":"Roberts DF, Foehr U, Rideout V . Generation M: media in the lives of 8\u201318 year olds. Report # 7251. Kasier Family Foundation: Menlo Park, CA; 2005. [ www.kff.org ]."},{"key":"BF0803064_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.94.4.449","volume":"94","author":"RH Durant","year":"1994","unstructured":"Durant RH, Baranowski T, Johnson M, Thompson WO . The relationship among television watching, physical activity, and body composition of young children. Pediatrics 1994; 94: 449\u2013456.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.109.6.1028","volume":"109","author":"BA Dennison","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dennison BA, Erb TA, Jenkins PL . Television viewing and television in bedroom associated with overweight risk among low-income preschool children. Pediatrics 2002; 109: 1028\u20131035.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(98)70433-0","volume":"132","author":"A Pietrobelli","year":"1998","unstructured":"Pietrobelli A, Faith MS, Allison DB, Gallagher D, Chiumello G, Heymsfield SB . Body mass index as a measure of adiposity among children and adolescents: a validation study. J Pediatr 1998; 132: 204\u2013210.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.103.6.1175","volume":"103","author":"DS Freedman","year":"1999","unstructured":"Freedman DS, Dietz WH, Srinivasan SR, Berenson GS . The relation of overweight to cardiovascular risk factors among children and adolescents: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Pediatrics 1999; 103: 1175\u20131182.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/63.3.445","volume":"63","author":"A Must","year":"1996","unstructured":"Must A . Morbidity and mortality associated with elevated body weight in children and adolescents. Am J Clin Nutr 1996; 63: 445S\u2013447S.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0800852","volume":"23","author":"A Must","year":"1999","unstructured":"Must A, Strauss RS . Risks and consequences of childhood and adolescent obesity. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1999; 23: S2\u2013S11.","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.14.1728","volume":"288","author":"CL Ogden","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ogden CL, Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Johnson CL . Prevalence and trends in overweight among US children and adolescents, 1999\u20132000. JAMA 2002; 288: 1728\u20131732.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7244.1240","volume":"320","author":"TJ Cole","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM, Dietz WH . Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey. BMJ 2000; 320: 1240\u20131243.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-7435(03)00048-3","volume":"37","author":"LL Moore","year":"2003","unstructured":"Moore LL, Gao D, Bradlee ML, Cupples LA, Sundarajan-Ramamurti A, Proctor MH, Hood MY, Singer MR, Ellison RC . Does early physical activity predict body fat change throughout childhood? Prevent Med 2003; 37: 10\u201317.","journal-title":"Prevent Med"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/14.4.211","volume":"14","author":"BA Bullen","year":"1964","unstructured":"Bullen BA, Mayer J, Reed RB . Physical activity of obese and nonobese adolescent girls appraised by motion picture sampling. Am J Clin Nutr 1964; 14: 211\u2013217.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR50","first-page":"922","volume":"39","author":"CB Corbin","year":"1968","unstructured":"Corbin CB, Pletcher P . Diet and physical activity patterns of obese and nonobese elementary school children. Res Q 1968; 39: 922\u2013928.","journal-title":"Res Q"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR51","first-page":"71","volume":"16","author":"LH Eck","year":"1992","unstructured":"Eck LH, Klesges RC, Hanson CL, Slawson D . Children at familial risk for obesity: an examination of dietary intake, physical activity and weight status. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1992; 16: 71\u201378.","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802311","volume":"27","author":"SG Trost","year":"2003","unstructured":"Trost SG, Sirard JR, Dowda M, Pfeiffer KA, Pate RR . Physical activity in overweight and nonoverweight preschool children. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2003; 27: 834\u2013839.","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1006\/pmed.2002.1113","volume":"35","author":"KF Janz","year":"2002","unstructured":"Janz KF, Levy SM, Burns TL, Torner JC, Willing MC, Warren JJ . Fatness, physical activity, and television viewing in children during the adiposity rebound period: The Iowa Bone Development Study. Prev Med 2002; 35: 563\u2013571.","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601780","volume":"58","author":"RA Abbott","year":"2004","unstructured":"Abbott RA, Davies PSW . Habitual physical activity and physical activity intensity: their relation to body composition in 5.0\u201310.5-y-old children. Eur J Clin Nutr 2004; 58: 285\u2013291.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.158.4.385","volume":"158","author":"K Patrick","year":"2004","unstructured":"Patrick K, Norman GJ, Calfas KJ, Sallis JF, Zabinski MF, Rupp J, Cella J . Diet, physical activity, and sedentary behaviors as risk factors for overweight in adolescence. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2004; 158: 385\u2013390.","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)80645-6","volume":"116","author":"RC Klesges","year":"1990","unstructured":"Klesges RC, Haddock K, Eck LH . A multimethod approach to the measurement of childhood physical activity and its relationship to blood pressure and body weight. J Pediatr 1990; 116: 888\u2013893.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2000.14","volume":"8","author":"RG McMurray","year":"2000","unstructured":"McMurray RG, Harrell JS, Deng SB, Bradley CB, Cox LM, Bangdiwala SI . The influence of physical activity, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity on the weight status of adolescents. Obes Res 2000; 8: 130\u2013139.","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/58.1.21","volume":"58","author":"JM Gazzaniga","year":"1993","unstructured":"Gazzaniga JM, Burns TL . Relationship between diet composition and body fatness, with adjustment for resting energy expenditure and physical activity, in preadolescent children. Am J Clin Nutr 1993; 58: 21\u201328.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802740","volume":"29","author":"C Klein-Platat","year":"2005","unstructured":"Klein-Platat C, Oujaa M, Wagner A, Haan MC, Arveiler D, Schlienger JL, Simon C . Physical activity is inversely related to waist circumference in 12-y-old French adolescents. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2005; 29: 9\u201314.","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn.81.2.355","volume":"81","author":"U Ekelund","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ekelund U, Neovius M, Linne Y, Brage S, Wareham NJ, Rossner S . Associations between physical activity and fat mass in adolescents: The Stockholm Weight Development Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2005; 81: 355\u2013360.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2004.10.011","volume":"119","author":"FJ Elgar","year":"2005","unstructured":"Elgar FJ, Roberts C, Moore L, Tudor-Smith C . Sedentary behaviour, physical activity and weight problems in adolescents in Wales. Public Health 2005; 119: 518\u2013524.","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-7435(90)90052-L","volume":"19","author":"KD Reynolds","year":"1990","unstructured":"Reynolds KD, Killen JD, Bryson SW, Maron DJ, Taylor CB, Maccoby N, Farquhar JW . Psychosocial predictors of physical activity in adolescents. Prev Med 1990; 19: 541\u2013551.","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.5.1187","volume":"113","author":"I Janssen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Janssen I, Craig WM, Boyce WF, Pickett W . Associations between overweight and obesity with bullying behaviors in school-aged children. Pediatrics 2004; 113: 1187\u20131194.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e23","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.110.2.e23","volume":"110","author":"MS Faith","year":"2002","unstructured":"Faith MS, Leone MA, Ayers TS, Heo M, Pietrobelli A . Weight criticism during physical activity, coping skills, and reported physical activity in children. Pediatrics 2002; 110: e23.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1974","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2004.248","volume":"12","author":"J Stevens","year":"2004","unstructured":"Stevens J, Suchindran C, Ring K, Baggett CD, Jobe JB, Story M, Thompson J, Going SB, Caballero B . Physical activity as a predictor of body composition in American Indian children. Obes Res 2004; 12: 1974\u20131980.","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802969","volume":"29","author":"R Jago","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jago R, Baranowski T, Baranowski JC, Thompson D, Greaves KA . BMI from 3\u20136\u2009y of age is predicted by TV viewing and physical activity, not diet. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2005; 29: 557\u2013564.","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802992","volume":"29","author":"A Kettaneh","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kettaneh A, Oppert JM, Heude B, Deschamps V, Borys JM, Lommez A, Ducimetiere P, Charles MA . Changes in physical activity explain paradoxical relationship between baseline physical activity and adiposity changes in adolescent girls: the FLVS II study. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2005; 29: 586\u2013593.","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/152.8.739","volume":"152","author":"J O'Loughlin","year":"2000","unstructured":"O'Loughlin J, Gray-Donald K, Paradis G, Meshefedjian G . One- and two-year predictors of excess weight gain among elementary schoolchildren in multiethnic, low-income, inner-city neighborhoods. Am J Epidemiol 2000; 152: 739\u2013746.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E56","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.4.e56","volume":"105","author":"CS Berkey","year":"2000","unstructured":"Berkey CS, Rockett HRH, Field AE, Gillman MW, Frazier AL, Camargo CA, Colditz GA . Activity, dietary intake, and weight changes in a longitudinal study of preadolescent and adolescent boys and girls. Pediatrics 2000; 105: E56.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2002.23","volume":"10","author":"P Gordon-Larsen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gordon-Larsen P, Adair LS, Popkin BM . Ethnic differences in physical activity and inactivity patterns and overweight status. Obes Res 2002; 10: 141\u2013149.","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.73.2.195","volume":"73","author":"E Stice","year":"2005","unstructured":"Stice E, Presnell K, Shaw H, Rohde P . Psychological and behavioral risk factors for obesity onset in adolescent girls: a prospective study. J Consult Clin Psychol 2005; 73: 195\u2013202.","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR72","first-page":"126","volume":"95","author":"RC Klesges","year":"1995","unstructured":"Klesges RC, Klesges LM, Eck LH, Shelton M . A longitudinal analysis of accelerated weight gain in preschool children. Pediatrics 1995; 95: 126\u2013130.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0800655","volume":"22","author":"C Maffeis","year":"1998","unstructured":"Maffeis C, Talamini G, Tato L . Influence of diet, physical activity and parents\u2019 obesity on children's adiposity: a four-year longitudinal study. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1998; 22: 758\u2013764.","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801835","volume":"25","author":"KK Davison","year":"2001","unstructured":"Davison KK, Birch LL . Child and parent characteristics as predictors of change in girls\u2019 body mass index. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2001; 25: 1834\u20131842.","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR75","first-page":"307","volume":"110","author":"AD Salbe","year":"2002","unstructured":"Salbe AD, Weyer C, Harper I, Lindsay RS, Ravussin E, Tataranni PA . Assessing risk factors for obesity between childhood and adolescence: II. Energy metabolism and physical activity. Am J Clin Nutr 2002; 110: 307\u2013314.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601677","volume":"57","author":"N Bogaert","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bogaert N, Steinbeck KS, Baur LA, Brock K, Bermingham MA . Food, activity and family\u2014environmental vs biochemical predictors of weight gain in children. Eur J Clin Nutr 2003; 57: 1242\u20131249.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802750","volume":"29","author":"V Burke","year":"2005","unstructured":"Burke V, Beilin LJ, Simmer K, Oddy WH, Blake KV, Doherty D, Kendall GE, Newnham JP, Landau LI, Stanley FJ . Predictors of body mass index and associations with cardiovascular risk factors in Australian children: a prospective cohort study. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2005; 29: 15\u201323.","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1006\/pmed.2001.0881","volume":"33","author":"OK Horn","year":"2001","unstructured":"Horn OK, Paradis G, Potvin L, Macaulay AC, Desrosiers S . Correlates and predictors of adiposity among Mohawk children. Prev Med 2001; 33: 274\u2013281.","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S34","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0800881","volume":"23","author":"HCG Kemper","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kemper HCG, Post GB, Twisk JWR, van Mechelen W . Lifestyle and obesity in adolescence and young adulthood: results from the Amsterdam Growth And Health Longitudinal Study (AGAHLS). Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1999; 23: S34\u2013S40.","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0800962","volume":"23","author":"B Hernandez","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hernandez B, Gortmaker SL, Colditz G, Peterson KE, Laird NM, Parra-Cabrera S . Association of obesity with physical activity, television programs and other forms of video viewing among children in Mexico City. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1999; 23: 845\u2013854.","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1996.02170290022003","volume":"150","author":"SL Gortmaker","year":"1996","unstructured":"Gortmaker SL, Must A, Sobol AM, Peterson K, Colditz GA, Dietz WH . Television viewing as a cause of increasing obesity among children in the United States, 1986\u20131990. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1996; 150: 356\u2013362.","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/60.1.15","volume":"60","author":"E Obarzanek","year":"1994","unstructured":"Obarzanek E, Schreiber GB, Crawford PB, Goldman SR, Barrier PM, Frederick MM, Lakatos E . Energy-intake and physical-activity in relation to indexes of body-fat\u2014the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study. Am J Clin Nutr 1994; 60: 15\u201322.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.279.12.938","volume":"279","author":"RE Andersen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Andersen RE, Crespo CJ, Bartlett SJ, Cheskin LJ, Pratt M . Relationship of physical activity and television watching with body weight and level of fatness among children: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. JAMA 1998; 279: 938\u2013942.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0800415","volume":"21","author":"M Deheeger","year":"1997","unstructured":"Deheeger M, Rolland-Cachera MF, Fontvieille AM . Physical activity and body composition in 10 year old French children: linkages with nutritional intake? Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1997; 21: 372\u2013379.","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1550-8528.1997.tb00576.x","volume":"5","author":"M Guillaume","year":"1997","unstructured":"Guillaume M, Lapidus L, Bjorntorp P, Lambert A . Physical activity, obesity, and cardiovascular risk factors in children. The Belgian Luxembourg Child Study II. Obes Res 1997; 5: 549\u2013556.","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR86","first-page":"291","volume":"15","author":"GS Ma","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ma GS, Li YP, Hu XQ, Ma WJ, Wu J . Effect of television viewing on pediatric obesity. Biomed Environ Sci 2002; 15: 291\u2013297.","journal-title":"Biomed Environ Sci"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwf128","volume":"156","author":"R von Kries","year":"2002","unstructured":"von Kries R, Toschke AM, Koletzko B, Slikker W . Maternal smoking during pregnancy and childhood obesity. Am J Epidemiol 2002; 156: 954\u2013961.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802376","volume":"27","author":"MS Tremblay","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tremblay MS, Willms JD . Is the Canadian childhood obesity epidemic related to physical inactivity? Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2003; 27: 1100\u20131105.","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1754.2003.00104.x","volume":"39","author":"M Wake","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wake M, Hesketh K, Waters E . Television, computer use and body mass index in Australian primary school children. J Paediatr Child Health 2003; 39: 130\u2013134.","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.91.2.273","volume":"91","author":"TN Robinson","year":"1993","unstructured":"Robinson TN, Hammer LD, Killen JD, Kraemer HC, Wilson DM, Hayward C, Taylor CB . Does television viewing increase obesity and reduce physical activity? Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses among adolescent girls. Pediatrics 1993; 91: 273\u2013280.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.83.11.1625","volume":"83","author":"AM Wolf","year":"1993","unstructured":"Wolf AM, Gortmaker SL, Cheung L, Gray HM, Herzog DB, Colditz GA . Activity, inactivity, and obesity: racial, ethnic, and age differences among schoolgirls. Am J Public Health 1993; 83: 1625\u20131627.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1079\/PHN2003473","volume":"6","author":"I da Costa Ribeiro","year":"2003","unstructured":"da Costa Ribeiro I, Augusto AC, Taddei J, colugnatti F . Obesity among children attending elementary public schools in Sao Paulo, Brazil:a case control study. Public Health Nutr 2003; 6: 4.","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR93","first-page":"721","volume":"16","author":"E Locard","year":"1992","unstructured":"Locard E, Mamelle N, Billette A, Miginiac M . Risk factors of obesity in a five year old population. Parental versus environmental factors. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1992; 16: 721\u2013729.","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802706","volume":"28","author":"SJ Marshall","year":"2004","unstructured":"Marshall SJ, Biddle SJH, Gorely T, Cameron N, Murdey I . Relationships between media use, body fatness and physical activity in children and youth: a meta-analysis. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2004; 28: 8.","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.157.8.746","volume":"157","author":"RS Strauss","year":"2003","unstructured":"Strauss RS, Pollack HA . Social marginalization of overweight children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2003; 157: 746\u2013752.","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2003.23","volume":"11","author":"LA Francis","year":"2003","unstructured":"Francis LA, Lee Y, Birch LL . Parental weight status and girls\u2019 television viewing, snacking, and body mass indexes. Obes Res 2003; 11: 143\u2013151.","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802294","volume":"27","author":"MH Proctor","year":"2003","unstructured":"Proctor MH, Moore LL, Gao D, Cupples LA, Bradlee ML, Hood MY, Ellison RC . Television viewing and change in body fat from preschool to early adolescence: The Framingham Children's Study. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2003; 27: 827\u2013833.","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1467-789x.2001.00036.x","volume":"2","author":"KK Davison","year":"2001","unstructured":"Davison KK, Birch LL . Childhood overweight: a contextual model and recommendations for future research. Obes Rev 2001; 2: 159\u2013171.","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(96)00056-7","volume":"6","author":"SYS Kimm","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kimm SYS, Obarzanek E, Barton BA, Aston CE, Similo SL, Morrison JA, Sabry ZI, Schreiber GB, McMahon RP . Race, socioeconomic status, and obesity in 9- to 10 year-old girls: the NHLBI growth and health study. Ann Epidemiol 1996; 6: 266\u2013275.","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"BF0803064_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0800541","volume":"22","author":"KM Flegal","year":"1998","unstructured":"Flegal KM, Kusczmarski RJ, Johnson CL . Overweight and obesity in the United States: prevalence and trends, 1960\u20131994. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1998; 22: 39\u201347.","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Obesity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/0803064.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/0803064","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/0803064.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T04:49:25Z","timestamp":1744174165000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/0803064"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,1]]},"references-count":100,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,1]]}},"alternative-id":["BF0803064"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803064","relation":{},"ISSN":["0307-0565","1476-5497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0307-0565","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 September 2005","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}