{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T08:03:10Z","timestamp":1791273790326,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,1]],"date-time":"2003-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1062374400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,1]],"date-time":"2003-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1062374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,1]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jea.7500287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,12]],"date-time":"2003-09-12T17:52:07Z","timestamp":1063389127000},"page":"348-363","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":114,"title":["Respiratory symptoms and peak expiratory flow in children with asthma in relation to volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath and ambient air"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ralph J","family":"Delfino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William S","family":"Linn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edo D","family":"Pellizzari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"BF7500287_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Thoracic Society Workshop. Immunobiology of asthma and rhinitis. Pathogenic factors and therapeutic options. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999: 160 (5 Part 1): 1778\u20131787.","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.160.5.ats7-99"},{"key":"BF7500287_CR2","volume-title":"Asthma in the Workplace","author":"IL Bernstein","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bernstein I.L., Chan-Yeung M., Malo J.-L., and Bernstein D.I . Asthma in the Workplace. Marcel Dekker, New York, NY, 1999."},{"key":"BF7500287_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.57.2.86","volume":"57","author":"R Buchdahl","year":"2000","unstructured":"Buchdahl R., Willems C.D., Vander M., and Babiker A . Associations between ambient ozone, hydrocarbons, and childhood wheezy episodes: a prospective observational study in south east London. Occup Environ Med 2000: 57: 86\u201393.","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"BF7500287_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.154.4.8887581","volume":"154","author":"M Chan-Yeung","year":"1996","unstructured":"Chan-Yeung M., Chang J.H., Manfreda J., Ferguson A., and Becker A . Changes in peak flow, symptom score, and the use of medications during acute exacerbations of asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996: 154: 889\u2013893.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"Suppl. 4","key":"BF7500287_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.02110s4573","volume":"110","author":"RJ Delfino","year":"2002","unstructured":"Delfino R.J. Epidemiological evidence for asthma and exposure to air toxics: linkages between occupational, indoor, and community air pollution research. Environ Health Perspect 2002: 110(Suppl. 4): 573\u2013589.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"BF7500287_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.154.3.8810598","volume":"154","author":"RJ Delfino","year":"1996","unstructured":"Delfino R.J., Coate B., Zeiger R.S., Seltzer J.M., Street D.H., and Koutrakis P . Daily asthma severity in relation to personal ozone exposure and outdoor fungal spores. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996: 154: 633\u2013641.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"BF7500287_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.5992","volume":"111","author":"RJ Delfino","year":"2003","unstructured":"Delfino R.J., Gong Jr. H., Linn W.S., Hu Y., and Pellizzari E.D. Asthma symptoms in Hispanic children and daily ambient exposures to toxic and criteria air pollutants. Environ Health Perspect 2003: 111: 647\u2013656.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"BF7500287_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.97105622","volume":"105","author":"RJ Delfino","year":"1997","unstructured":"Delfino R.J., Zeiger R.S., Seltzer J.M., et al. The effect of outdoor fungal spore concentrations on asthma severity. Environ Health Perspect 1997: 105: 622\u2013635.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"BF7500287_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.98106751","volume":"106","author":"RJ Delfino","year":"1998","unstructured":"Delfino R.J., Zeiger R.S., Seltzer J.M., and Street D.H . Symptoms in pediatric asthmatics and air pollution: differences in effects by symptom severity, anti-inflammatory medication use, and particulate averaging time. Environ Health Perspect 1998: 106: 751\u2013761.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"BF7500287_CR10","first-page":"A607","volume":"110","author":"RJ Delfino","year":"2002","unstructured":"Delfino R.J., Zeiger R.S., Seltzer J.M., Street D.H., and McLaren C . Effects of hourly particulate air pollution on asthma symptoms: interaction with use of anti-inflammatory medications. Environ Health Perspect 2002: 110: A607\u2013A617.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"BF7500287_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1078\/S1438-4639(04)70004-8","volume":"203","author":"U Diez","year":"2000","unstructured":"Diez U., Kroessner T., Rehwagen M. et al. Effects of indoor painting and smoking on airway symptoms in atopy risk children in the first year of life results of the LARS-study. Leipzig Allergy High-Risk Children Study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2000: 203: 23\u201328.","journal-title":"Int J Hyg Environ Health"},{"key":"BF7500287_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.107.3.657","volume":"107","author":"PL Enright","year":"1995","unstructured":"Enright P.L., Sherrill D.L., and Lebowitz M.D . Ambulatory monitoring of peak expiratory flow. Reproducibility and quality control. Chest 1995: 107: 657\u2013661.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"BF7500287_CR13","unstructured":"Gordon S.M., Kenny D.V., and Kelly T.J . Continuous real-time breath analysis for the measurement of half-lives of expired volatile organic compounds. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol 1992: Suppl. 1: 41\u201354."},{"key":"BF7500287_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200003000-00009","volume":"11","author":"JA Hagen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hagen J.A., Nafstad P., Skrondal A., Bjorkly S., and Magnus P . Associations between outdoor air pollutants and hospitalization for respiratory diseases. Epidemiology 2000: 11: 136\u2013140.","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"BF7500287_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.1.9712108","volume":"159","author":"JL Hankinson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hankinson J.L., Odencrantz J.R., and Fedan K.B . Spirometric reference values from a sample of the general U.S. population. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999: 159: 179\u2013187.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"BF7500287_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.2307\/2530695","volume":"42","author":"RI Jennrich","year":"1986","unstructured":"Jennrich R.I., and Schluchter M.D . Unbalanced repeated-measures models with structured covariance matrices. Biometrics 1986: 42: 805\u2013820.","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"BF7500287_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1992.9935942","volume":"47","author":"HS Koren","year":"1992","unstructured":"Koren H.S., Graham D.E., and Devlin R.B . Exposure of humans to a volatile organic mixture. III. Inflammatory response. Arch Environ Health 1992: 47: 39.","journal-title":"Arch Environ Health"},{"issue":"Suppl 6","key":"BF7500287_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.95103s6253","volume":"103","author":"GD Leikauf","year":"1995","unstructured":"Leikauf G.D., Kline S., Albert R.E., Baxter C.S., Bernstein D.I., and Buncher C.R . Evaluation of a possible association of urban air toxics and asthma. Environ Health Perspect 1995: 103 (Suppl 6): 253\u2013271.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"BF7500287_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.21.5.405.34503","volume":"21","author":"M Levine","year":"2001","unstructured":"Levine M., and Ensom M.H.H . Post hoc power analysis: an idea whose time has passed? Pharmacotherapy 2001: 21: 405\u2013409.","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"BF7500287_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/73.1.13","volume":"73","author":"K-Y Liang","year":"1986","unstructured":"Liang K.-Y., and Zeger S.L . Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models. Biometrika 1986: 73: 13\u201322.","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"BF7500287_CR21","first-page":"1014","volume":"83","author":"MJ Lindstrom","year":"1988","unstructured":"Lindstrom M.J., and Bates D.M . Newton\u2013Rhaphson and EM algorithms for linear mixed-effects models for repeated-measures data. J Am Stat Assoc 1988: 83: 1014\u20131022.","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"BF7500287_CR22","unstructured":"Littell R.C., Milliken G.A., Stroup W.W., and Wolfinger R.D . SAS system for mixed models. SAS Institute Inc., Cary NC, 1996."},{"key":"BF7500287_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1995.75.2.277","volume":"75","author":"CA Maggi","year":"1995","unstructured":"Maggi C.A., Giachetti A., Dey R.D., and Said S.I . Neuropeptides as regulators of airway function: vasoactive intestinal peptide and the tachykinins. Physiol Rev 1995: 75: 277\u2013322.","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"BF7500287_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.93101234","volume":"101","author":"WJ Meggs","year":"1993","unstructured":"Meggs W.J . Neurogenic inflammation and sensitivity to environmental chemicals. Environ Health Perspect 1993: 101: 234\u2013238.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"BF7500287_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/0160-4120(86)90027-9","volume":"12","author":"L Molhave","year":"1986","unstructured":"Molhave L., Bach B., and Peterson F . Human reaction to low concentrations of volatile organic compounds. Environ Int 1986: 12: 167\u2013175.","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"BF7500287_CR26","unstructured":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI). The Expert Panel Report 2: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma. (Publication No. 97-4051) NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 1997."},{"key":"BF7500287_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1097\/00063198-200101000-00004","volume":"7","author":"AE Nel","year":"2001","unstructured":"Nel A.E., Diaz-Sanchez D., and Li N . The role of particulate pollutants in pulmonary inflammation and asthma: evidence for the involvement of organic chemicals and oxidative stress. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2001: 7: 20\u201326.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"key":"BF7500287_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.52.6.388","volume":"52","author":"D Norback","year":"1995","unstructured":"Norback D., Bjornsson E., Janson C., Widstrom J., and Boman G . Asthmatic symptoms and volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde, and carbon dioxide in dwellings. Occup Env Med 1995: 52: 388\u2013395.","journal-title":"Occup Env Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"BF7500287_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.02110s1103","volume":"110","author":"RJ Pandya","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pandya R.J., Solomon G., Kinner A., and Balmes J.R . Diesel exhaust and asthma: hypotheses and molecular mechanisms of action. Environ Health Perspect 2002: 110 (Suppl 1): 103\u2013112.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"BF7500287_CR30","first-page":"341","volume":"2","author":"ED Pellizzari","year":"1992","unstructured":"Pellizzari E.D., Wallace L.A., and Gordon S.M . Elimination kinetics of volatile organics in humans using breath measurements. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol 1992: 2: 341\u2013355.","journal-title":"J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"BF7500287_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/14.6.337","volume":"14","author":"JH Raymer","year":"1990","unstructured":"Raymer J.H., Thomas K.W., Cooper S.D., Whitaker D.A., and Pellizzari E.D . A device for sampling of human alveolar breath for the measurement of expired volatile organic compounds. J Anal Toxicol 1990: 14: 337\u2013344.","journal-title":"J Anal Toxicol"},{"key":"BF7500287_CR32","unstructured":"SAS Institute. SAS OnlineDoc, Version Eight. SAS Institute Gary, NC, February 2000 HTML Format."},{"key":"BF7500287_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.011091053","volume":"109","author":"JA Sarnat","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sarnat J.A., Schwartz J., Catalano P.J., and Suh H.H . Gaseous pollutants in particulate matter epidemiology: confounders or surrogates? Environ Health Perspect 2001: 109: 1053\u20131061.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"BF7500287_CR34","unstructured":"South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD). Multiple Air Toxics Exposure Study in the South Coast Air Basin (MATES-II): Final Report and Appendices. South Coast Air Quality Management District, Diamond Bar, CA, 2000."},{"key":"BF7500287_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1080\/00039890109604447","volume":"56","author":"AJ Thompson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Thompson A.J., Shields M.D., and Patterson C.C . Acute asthma exacerbations and air pollutants in children living in Belfast, Northern Ireland. Arch Environ Health 2001: 56: 234\u2013241.","journal-title":"Arch Environ Health"},{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"BF7500287_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.96104s5861","volume":"104","author":"L Wallace","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wallace L., Buckley T., Pellizzari E., and Gordon S . Breath measurements as volatile organic compound biomarkers. Environ Health Perspect 1996: 104 (Suppl 5): 861\u2013869.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"BF7500287_CR37","first-page":"157","volume":"1","author":"L Wallace","year":"1991","unstructured":"Wallace L., Nelson W., Ziegenfus R., Pellizzari E., Michael L., Whitmore R., Zelon H., Hartwell T., Perritt R., and Westerdahl D . The Los Angeles TEAM study: personal exposures, indoor\u2013outdoor air concentrations, and breath concentrations of 25 volatile organic compounds. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol 1991: 1: 157\u2013192.","journal-title":"J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"BF7500287_CR38","first-page":"75","volume":"3","author":"L Wallace","year":"1993","unstructured":"Wallace L., Pellizzari E., and Gordon S . A linear model relating breath concentrations to environmental exposures: application to a chamber study of four volunteers exposed to volatile organic chemicals. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol 1993: 3: 75\u2013102.","journal-title":"J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"BF7500287_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116639","volume":"137","author":"JH Ware","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ware J.H., Spengler J.D., and Neas L.M. et al. Respiratory and irritant health effects of volatile organic compounds: the Kanawha County Health Study. Am J Epidemiol 1993: 137: 1287\u20131301.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"BF7500287_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s004200050125","volume":"69","author":"G Wieslander","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wieslander G., Norb\u00e4ck D., Bj\u00f6rnsson E., Janson C., and Boman G. Asthma and the indoor environment: the significance of emission of formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds from newly painted surfaces. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 1997: 69: 115\u2013124.","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health"}],"container-title":["Journal of Exposure Science &amp; Environmental Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/7500287.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/7500287","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/7500287.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]],"date-time":"2022-03-16T15:48:49Z","timestamp":1647445729000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/7500287"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,1]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,1]]}},"alternative-id":["BF7500287"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.jea.7500287","relation":{},"ISSN":["1559-0631","1559-064X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1559-0631","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-064X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 July 2002","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 April 2003","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 September 2003","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}